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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2023)01-0198-11 |
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秦国“客籍”“主籍”百年争斗下的王权建设 |
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熊永 |
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（南京大学历史学院，江苏南京，210023） |
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| 摘 要： 战国以降，秦遭遇发展困局，寻求变制之计。借由秦孝公“尊官分土”的政治诚意，秦国顺利展开东方引智计划，援济国家建设。“客籍”与“主籍”两大势力集团推动秦国耕战事业不断取得进展，但秦国王权建设接连出现援济与掣制之轮转局面，秦国传统权力格局因之发生深刻变革。秦昭襄、庄襄两代秦王，属于“质子就国”，不得不依赖“客籍”势力巩固自身统治。“两籍”斗争由此加剧，遂引发秦国政坛盲目的排外风潮。秦王政即位后，采用“灭吕、抑王、扶蒙、联李”方针化解统治危机。其背后实则隐伏着王权建设意图摆脱“两籍”军政精英掣肘、走向集权这一深刻的历史线索。 |
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| 关键词： 尊官分土；客籍；主籍；王权建设 |
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Construction of the royal power under the century-fight context of |
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XIONG Yong |
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（School of History, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China） |
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| Abstract: Since the Warring States period, the State of Qin had encountered a trapped situation in development, hence seeking opportunities for change. In the name of Qin Xiaogong’s political sincerity of "respecting the officials and distributing the land", the State of Qin smoothly carried out the plan of attracting talents from the East to assist the nation-building of the State of Qin. Thus, the two groups of forces of the local "host origin" and the foreign "guest origin" made continuous achievements in promoting the cause of farming and war in the State of Qin. But there appeared a trend for the two forces to take turns of aiding and constraining in the construction of the monarchy of the State of Qin, and profound changes took place in its traditional power pattern. Its kings of two generations, King Zhaoxiang and King Zhuangxiang, both returned to Qin from other states to inherit the throne, so they had to rely on the power of "the guest origin" to consolidate their rule. As a result, the fight between the two power groups intensified, which triggered a blind anti-foreign trend in the political arena of the State of Qin. After Qin emperor, Qin Shihuang, came to power, he adopted the policy of "eliminating Lv Buwei, suppressing Wang Jian, supporting Meng Tian and uniting Li Si" to resolve the ruling crisis. This actually implied the historical thread that the State of Qin, in constructing its royal power, intended to get rid of the constraints of the two major power groups of military and political elites, and finally moved towards despotism. |
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Key words: respecting the officials and distributing the land; |
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