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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2023)01-0011-10 |
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《德意志意识形态》中的意识形态思想 |
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钟启东 |
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（北京大学马克思主义学院，北京，100871） |
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| 摘 要： 《德意志意识形态》是见证历史唯物主义“哲学革命”和意识形态“术语革命”同时发生、相互促成的关键性文本。意识形态批判导向了历史唯物主义。虽然学界因为《德意志意识形态》没有提供关于意识形态概念实质的明确表述和清晰界定，导致在对马克思主义意识形态观的理解上存在诸多争议，但是应该不会有人怀疑这个文本对于我们在历史唯物主义框架下把握和阐释意识形态内在逻辑的特殊重要性。实际上，马克思恩格斯正是在否定性的意识形态批判(对德意志意识形态和意识形态一般的双重批判)中，确立了肯定性的理论内涵。他们从生成根源、本质内涵、功能结构及其支配规律等维度，深刻揭示了“物质生产决定精神生产”“把特殊利益说成普遍利益”“把统治阶级的思想确立为占统治地位的思想”“把观念装进头脑”等意识形态基本原理，奠定了马克思主义意识形态理论的观念原则和精神理念。 |
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| 关键词： 马克思；恩格斯；历史唯物主义；意识形态；规律 |
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Ideas of ideology in The German Ideology |
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ZHONG Qidong |
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（School of Marxism, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China） |
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| Abstract: The German Ideology is a key text that witnesses the simultaneous occurrence and mutual reinforcement of the philosophical revolution of historical materialism and the terminology revolution of ideological theory. It is the ideological criticism that led to historical materialism. Although there are still many controversies in the understanding of Marxist views of ideology due to the fact that the original text did not provide a clear expression or definition of the essential concept of ideology, there would be no one who would doubt the special importance of using this text to grasp and interpret the internal logic of ideology within the framework of historical materialism. In fact, it is within the negative ideological critique (that is, both the criticism of German ideology and ideology in general) that Marx and Engels established the affirmative theoretical connotation. From the dimensions of the source of generation, the essential connotation, functional structures, and its governing law, they profoundly uncovered the basic principles of ideology that "material production determines spiritual production", that "idea-ruling is to put the very interest as the common interest of all", that "the ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas", and that "ideas are made up and put into mind”, all of which laid down the conceptual principles and spiritual concepts of the Marxist ideological theory. |
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Key words: Marx; Engels; historical materialism; ideology; law |
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