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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2021)01-0043-10 |
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论生态环境损害民事侵权责任的二元归责原则——基于功能主义的研究方法 |
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徐以祥，刘继琛 |
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（西南政法大学经济法学院，重庆，401120） |
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| 摘 要： 生态环境损害侵权责任是一种特殊的民事侵权法律责任。生态环境损害的预防职能主要由公法规范来承担，这一客观事实导致生态环境损害民事侵权法律规范的研究需要以功能主义的研究方法为主。生态环境损害侵权责任归责原则的确定，应首先以功能为标准对各责任形式进行类型化，并根据具体功能的要求分别确定归责原则。以功能为标准，生态环境损害侵权责任形式可以分为救济性、惩罚性和预防性等责任形式。生态环境损害救济性、惩罚性民事责任形式应适用过错责任原则，生态环境损害预防性责任形式应适用无过错责任原则。 |
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| 关键词： 生态环境损害；侵权责任；归责原则；功能主义 |
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XU Yixiang, LIU Jichen |
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（School of Economic Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120, China） |
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| Abstract: Tort liability for eco-environmental damage is a special kind of legal liability for civil tort. The prevention of eco-environmental damage is mainly borne by public laws and regulations. This fact determines that the study of the doctrine of liability fixation in eco-environmental damage should be guided by the perspective of functionalism. The doctrine of liability fixation of tort liability for eco-environmental damage should first classify the forms of liability by taking function as the standard, and accordingly specify liability principles. Taking function as the standard, forms of tort liability for eco-environmental damage can be divided into relief liability, punitive liability and preventive liability. The principle of liability for fault shall be applied to the relief and punitive liability for eco-environmental damage, and the principle of liability for no fault shall be applied to preventive liability for eco-environmental damage. |
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Key words: eco-environmental damage; tort liability; doctrine of liability fixation; functionalism |
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