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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2018)03-0058-08 |
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国际海底区域开发阶段的担保国责任问题 |
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赵忆怡 |
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（华东政法大学国际法学院，上海，200042） |
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| 摘 要： 担保国义务包括保护环境等直接义务，也包括确保承包者履行合同并遵守“区域”制度等尽责义务。国际海洋法庭海底争端分庭的咨询意见澄清了担保国责任的履行方式与免责关键在于国内法的制定与执行，不过在“区域”开发阶段来临前需要进一步探讨与担保国责任承担范围与义务相关的问题。开发阶段担保国责任仍属于适当尽责的担保，与主要解决国际法上责任承担的国家责任存在着界限。《“区域”内矿产资源开发规章(草案)》中环境保护方面的内容涉及担保国的环境保护义务，为探讨国际环境法基本原则中共同但有区别的责任在担保国制度中的适用创造条件。此外，《开发规章(草案)》中管理局行使权力方面的内容涉及担保国制定与执行国内法的义务，将构成针对承包者的重复处罚问题，需要担保国与管理局合作协商解决。 |
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| 关键词： 国际海底区域；担保国责任；“区域”勘探开发；“区域”开发规章制定 |
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Sponsoring state responsibilities at the exploiting stage on exploitation of mineral resources in the international sea-bed area |
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ZHAO Yiyi |
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（School of International Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042, China） |
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| Abstract: The sponsoring state responsibilities include some direct ones such as protecting the marine environment, and some acquittal ones which mean ensuring the contractor to carry out and abide by the contract in exploring the international sea-bed area. The Advisory Opinion of the Sea-bed Dispute Tribunal of the International Sea Chamber, Article 17, basically clarifies that the key to the performance and exemption of the sponsoring the state’s obligations is the formulation and implementation of domestic laws. But before the exploiting stage, there is need for further negotiation over issues relevant to the range and liabilities that sponsoring state responsibilities should cover. At the exploiting state, the sponsoring state still mainly resolves to ensure that the contractor should fulfill its obligations, which are different from the state responsibilities of solving the liability of wrongful acts in international law. Stipulations about environment protection in Regulations the Development of Mineral Resources in the "Region" (Draft) involve the sponsoring state responsibilities in protecting the environment, which creates the condition for exploring the common yet varying responsibilities of sponsoring state system in applying the basic principles of international environment law. Moreover, articles in Exploiting Stipulations (Draft) involve the sponsoring state responsibilities in stipulating and carrying out domestic law, which may cause some repeated punishments for the contractor. Therefore, there is still need for the sponsoring state and the ISA to seek to solve this problem through cooperative negotiations |
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Key words: the area; sponsoring state responsibilities; exploration and exploitation; draft regulations on exploitation of mineral resources in the area |
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