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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2015)04-0020-07 |
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节制内涵的演变及其德性特征——从古希腊的荷马至阿提卡演说家时期 |
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晏玉荣 |
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（山东工商学院社科部，山东烟台，264005） |
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| 摘 要： “节制”(sophrosyne)在古希腊就是一种涵义混乱、富于争议的德性。从荷马到阿提卡演说家这一时期，“节制”的涵义及其涉及的领域，一直在变化发展着。由于伯罗奔尼撒战争以及智者学派的影响，“节制”的德性品质曾经遭受过质疑与否定。但总体来讲，“节制”都被看作是一种能够使得人们优秀地从事某项实践活动的品质，并逐渐与普遍意义上的善相联系。后结构主义的认知理论虽然可以解释“节制”的多义性，却不能很好地解决“节制”究竟是一种德性的多义性还是不同德性的统称问题。但其归纳的“控制欲望”“婚姻忠诚”“安静”与“顺从”四种典型用法，聚焦于理性与人的欲望，尤其是生理欲望之间的关系，在一定意义上，揭示了节制的本质内涵与特征。 |
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| 关键词： 古希腊；荷马；阿提卡；节制；德性 |
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The evolution of the meanings of “sophrosyne” and its virtuous features: from Homer to the Attic in ancient Greek culture |
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YAN Yurong |
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（Department of Social Science, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology, Yantai 264005, China） |
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| Abstract: “Sophrosyne” is a virtue with various meanings and controversies from Homer to the Attic in ancient Greek culture. We hold that the meanings and the fields of “sophrosyne” were always changing and developing. Because of the influence of the Peloponnesian war and the Sophists, the value of “sophrosyne” was once questioned and denied. But on the whole, it was regarded a virtue which can help people excellently engage in practices and gradually become associated with the common good. Although the cognitive theory of post-structuralism could manage to analyze the polysemy of “sophrosyne,” it could not manage to differentiate “sophrosyne” from other virtues. But the four kinds of typical usages of “sophrosyne,” such as “control of desires,” “marital fidelity,” “quietness,” “obedience” which focus on the relation of rationality and human desires, especially physiological appetites, disclose the essential connotation and characteristics of “sophrosyne.” |
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Key words: ancient Greek culture; Homer; the Attic; sophrosyne; virtue |
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