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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2015)02-0130-07 |
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免职衍生为问责手段的误区及化解 |
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胡春艳，蒋宁 |
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（中南大学公共管理学院，湖南长沙，410083） |
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| 摘 要： 从法律上来看，免职是一种正常的人事任免手段，不具备惩戒性；问责则要求官员对其行为作出解释以及回应，并对违反公共职责的官员实施一定的惩罚，具有一定的惩戒性。“官本位”的政治文化影响、我国现有的问责法律制度中对官员“免职”的责任定位不明确、官员问责制度本身的不完善是免职被衍生为问责手段的主要成因。以30个案例分析指出，免职被衍生为行政问责手段将产生执法过程随意性大、“免职”官员的复出成为常态、免职被异化为庇护官员(尤其是高官)的保护伞等一系列问题。应纠正目前法律中对免职的各种模糊规定，明确免职的人事管理性质，取消“免职”作为问责官员的惩罚形式，统一规范我国官员问责的形式、内容及程序，从制度上建立起切实有效的官员问责机制。 |
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| 关键词： 官员免职；行政问责；官员复出 |
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The wrong extending-use of the “removal from office” asan accountability instrument and its solutions |
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HU Chunyan, JIANG Ning |
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（School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China） |
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| Abstract: From the perspective of law, the “removal from office” is a common personnel way of appointing and removing, which does not mean any sanctions, while “accountability” requires that the public officials are accountable for their actions, and punishments are made on their wrongdoings, which definitely means some enforced sanctions. The reasons why the “removal from office” is an extended use as an accountability instrument include the “official-oriented” political and cultural influence, implicit explanation of removal from office in the accountability law, and incomplete institutionalized accountability. Based on 30 examples of dismissed officials, the essay argues that the wrong extending-use of the removal from office as an accountability instrument will bring about negative effects that there exists too much discretional power when enforcing sanctions, that it becomes a routine for accounted officials to come back in power, and that removal-from-office turns out to be a protection for senior officials. Therefore, suggestions are to be made that all kinds of indistinct rules need to be rectified, that personnel features of removal from office need to be clarified, that taking it as a way of punishing officials needs to be canceled, that the way, content and procedure of accounting officials all need to be regulated, and that an efficient mechanism of accountability needs to be set up. |
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Key words: the removal from office; administrative accountability; official comeback |
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