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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2014)05-0111-08 |
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论精神损害赔偿在国家赔偿中的定位与司法适用 |
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赵玄 |
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（北京大学法学院，北京，100871） |
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| 摘 要： 精神损害表现为被侵权人所产生的精神痛苦和精神压力，具有不可度量性、主观感受性、不可逆性和附属性等特征。在国家赔偿中，精神损害赔偿具有抚慰功能、惩戒功能和补充功能。现行国家赔偿法在一定程度上体现了上述内容，但法律本身并未将精神损害及其赔偿界定清晰。欲发挥精神损害赔偿在国家赔偿中的作用，需要借助相关的私法资源，并结合国家赔偿法整体结构，尽快出台可行的相关司法解释，从而明确精神损害赔偿条款中的侵权情形、精神损害、严重后果以及抚慰金性质。同时，可期待的司法解释还应规定确定抚慰金的参照因素，甚至制定抚慰金指导表，以便更好地指引精神损害国家赔偿的司法实践。 |
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| 关键词： 精神损害；国家赔偿；抚慰金；非财产性；附属性；司法解释；私法 |
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On the position and judicial application of moral damage compensation in the state compensation |
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ZHAO Xuan |
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（Law School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China） |
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| Abstract: The moral damage, which has the characteristics of immeasurability, subjectivity, irreversibility and attached, means mental pain and mental distress the infringee generated. In the state compensation, moral damage compensation has the comfort function, disciplinary function and complementary function. To a certain extent, the current State Compensation Law reflects the content above, but the law itself does not provide a clear definition of moral damage and its compensation. In order to give full play to the role of moral damage compensation in the state compensation, the help of related resources of private law is needed. Combined with the overall structure of the State Compensation Law, the relevant judicial interpretation should be issued as soon as possible, so as to clarify the meaning of moral damage, grave consequences and the nature of solatium. At the same time, the judicial interpretation should provide reference factors to determine the amount of solatium, even make solatium instruction sheet so as to guide the judicial practice of state compensation for moral damage better. |
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Key words: moral damage; state compensation; solatia; non-property; subsidiary; judicial interpretation; private law |
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