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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2011)06-0186-06 |
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名与身孰亲？ |
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束莉 |
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（南京大学文学院，江苏南京，210093） |
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| 摘 要： 中国思想史上的“首阳”话题具有多元的阐释空间。在儒家语境中，伯夷、叔齐被作为正统君臣观念的维护者而受到褒扬，但珍视个体生存，轻视世俗声名。主张“贱名贵生”的道家则敏锐地感触到了其中潜存着的“名”与“生”之冲突，认为夷齐让国采薇、穷饿而死是求名害生的不智之举。汉晋之际，随着老庄思想的流播、现实政局的簸荡及门第观念的勃兴，“贱名贵生”观渐漬人心，士人们对伯夷、叔齐的评价也逐渐沿循了道家的思路。《首阳山赋》即是服膺老庄的阮籍援用“贱名贵生”观，对“首阳”话题进行的一次不拘限于传统儒家观念的重新演述。它有效地破解了阮籍在齐王曹芳被废事件中所遭遇的伦理困境，并促使他作出了顺适时局的政治选择。而这一选择不仅决定了阮籍后期的命运升沉，也联动了陈留阮氏家族的族运转机。 |
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| 关键词： 阮籍；《首阳山赋》；“贱名贵生”；“首阳”话题 |
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Which is closer, fame or body?
——on Ruan Ji’s Shouyangshan Fu via the concept “Life is
more precious than fame” |
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SHU Li |
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（School of Literal Art, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China） |
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| Abstract: The topic of “Shou Yang" in the history of Chinese Thought has a multi-space interpretation. In the Confucian context, Bo Yi, Shu Qi had been praised as the defenders of the orthodox concept monarch and his subjects, while the Taoist, the value of individual life, despised worldly fame, advocating “Life is more precious than fame”. They believed that the behavior of Bo Yi and Shu Qi was unwise. In Han and Jin Dynasties, during the stream of Taoism, the unrest of social and the rise of Door No. concept, the concept “Life is more precious than fame” gradually stained the people, the evaluation of Bo yi, Shu Qi was also gradually closer to Taoism. “Shouyangshan Fu” was a reformulate of the topic of “Shou Yang”, which was unlimited in the traditional Confucian ideas. It effectively cracked the ethical dilemmas, which Ruan Ji encountered in the event Cao Fang had been repealed, and led him to make a timely political choice. This choice not only determined the fate of him, and also decided the fate of the prospect of Ruan’s family. |
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Key words: Ruan Ji; Shouyangshan Fu; “Life is more precious than fame”; the topic of “Shou Yang” |
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