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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2024)01-0001-13 |
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从基于必然性的行动到基于偶然性的行动 |
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张康之 |
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（浙江工商大学公共管理学院，杭州，310018） |
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| 摘 要： 风险社会及其高度复杂性和高度不确定性构成了一种社会形态，它是历史上从未有过的。如果将其与全球化、后工业化运动联系起来的话，就会发现它是在对工业社会的历史阶段的否定中生成的。风险社会中的行动将面临许多根本性的哲学观念变革的问题，其中，关于必然性、偶然性这对哲学概念的认识，对于构建风险社会中的行动模式而言，有着举足轻重的意义。在工业社会的低度复杂性和低度不确定性条件下，人们已经形成了基于必然性行动的共识，但在高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下，基于必然性无法认识和把握的问题涌现了出来，致使人们需要将行动方式调整到基于偶然性行动上来。风险社会中的行动在性质上属于合作行动，在形式上更多地表现为应急响应式的即时行动，行动的目的是为了人的共生共在。 |
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| 关键词： 风险社会；行动原则；必然性；偶然性；合作行动 |
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From necessity-based actions to contingency-based ones |
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ZHANG Kangzhi |
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（School of Public Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China） |
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| Abstract: The risk society, with its high complexity and high uncertainty, constitutes a social form unprecedented in history. When such a society is linked to processes of globalization and post- industrialization, it can be found that the risk society emerges as a negation of the historical stage of industrial society. The actions in the risk society will face many fundamental philosophical changes, among which the understanding of the concepts of necessity and contingency is of great significance for shaping action modes in the risk society. Under the conditions of low complexity and low uncertainty in industrial society, a consensus had been formed around actions based on necessity. However, under the conditions of high complexity and high uncertainty in the risk society, issues arise that cannot be comprehended and grasped solely based on necessity so that action modes must be adjusted to that based on contingency. Actions in the risk society are inherently cooperative, taking the form of immediate, emergency-responsive actions. And the purpose of these actions is to promote human symbiosis and coexistence. |
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Key words: risk society; action principle; necessity; contingency; cooperative action |
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