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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2023)03-0077-12 |
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生产安全事故调查阶段性行为性质及其应用 |
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王明高，王岸东 |
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（湖南工商大学法学院，湖南长沙，410205） |
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| 摘 要： 由于未区分事故调查、事故调查报告形成、事故调查报告批复三种不同行为，现有关于生产安全事故调查性质的认识存在欠缺。该三种行为的性质应当重新讨论：事故调查是包括勘验、鉴定、物证收集、言词证据形成、视听资料制作、检验检测、损失认定等多种行为在内的复合体，故事故调查的性质应当为行政综合执法；事故调查报告的内容具有复合性、结论具有裁判性、制作具有职权性，且确定了责任人员及责任类型，故事故调查报告形成的性质属于制作非规范性法律文件，且其随附的材料属于证据；事故批复行为关涉相关单位和人员的法律身份及其权利义务，故其性质属于具体行政行为。三种行为均涉及行政相对人和利害关系人的权利义务，因而都是可诉的。我国现有的生产安全事故调查法律制度，应当从“事故调查主体的中立、专业、权威”“规范事故调查组证据收集与采取行政强制措施的权力”“事故调查报告的形成规则”“设立事故调查报告的公开制度和异议制度”等方面进行完善。 |
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| 关键词： 生产安全事故调查；事故调查报告形成；事故调查报告批复；事故调查制度完善 |
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On nature of phased act in production safety accident investigation and its application |
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WANG Minggao, WANG An’dong |
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（School of Law, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China） |
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| Abstract: As the three different acts including investigation of production safety accidents, the formation of the investigation report, and accident report approval have not been differentiated, there exists deficiency in understanding the nature of production safety accident investigation. And the nature of these three behaviors should be re-discussed. Production safety accident investigation is the combination of surveying, authentication, evidence collection, verbal evidence formation, audio-visual material production, testing and investigating, loss recognition and many other behaviors, and so the nature of the accident investigation should be deemed as administrative comprehensive law enforcement. The content of the accident investigation report is complex, the conclusion is adjudicative, the production is authoritative, and the responsible personnel and the type of responsibility are determined, so the formation of the accident investigation report belongs to the production of non-normative legal documents, and at the same time, the materials accompanying it belong to evidence. The act of accident approval involves the legal identity of relevant units and personnel, as well as their rights and obligations, and the nature of accident investigation approval is a specific administrative act. All three acts involve the rights and obligations of the administrative counterparts and interested parties, so they are all actionable. Legislative amendments of our country's regulations of production safety accident investigation should be improved according to “the neutrality, professionalism and authority of the subject of accident investigation”, “the power of the accident investigation team in collecting evidence and taking administrative compulsory measures”, “the rules for the formation of accident investigation reports”, and “the disclosure system of accident investigation reports”. |
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Key words: investigation of production safety accidents; the formation of the investigation report; accident report approval; legislative amendments of regulations of accident investigation system |
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