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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2022)02-0072-10 |
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殊途同归：吉登斯与沃勒斯坦的结构主义社会批判 |
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徐亚清，于水 |
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（南京师范大学马克思主义学院，江苏南京，210023；
南京农业大学公共管理学院，江苏南京，210095） |
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| 摘 要： 吉登斯与沃勒斯坦虽同为当代英美左翼结构主义思潮之代表，但他们在社会批判的路数上差异明显。吉登斯将现代资本主义社会视为以民族国家为基础的社会结构，认为社会活动重组所产生的、诱发的风险“脱域”是结构的内在主线，以关注日常为内涵的“生活的政治”则是风险中的应有主题。受马克思影响较多的沃勒斯坦则将社会结构阐释为以生产为基础的现代世界体系，认为分工塑造了社会活动的重组，分工中的结构失衡则是风险的来源，突破现有体系才是唯一出路。总体看来，吉登斯与沃勒斯坦叙事的起点分别为民族国家与经济生产，主线分别为脱域与分工，主张则分别为生活的政治与体系的突破，而对先验结构概念的执著和由此与马克思主义经典文本产生的疏离，则是二人的共同特点。 |
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| 关键词： 结构主义；吉登斯；沃勒斯坦；社会批判；马克思 |
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Common goals via different paths: Giddens’s and Wallerstein'sstructuralist social critique |
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XU Yaqing, YU Shui |
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（1. School of Marxism, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China;
2. School of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China） |
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| Abstract: Giddens and Wallerstein are both representatives of the contemporary British and American left-wing Structuralists, but their paths in criticizing the society are obviously different. Giddens views modern capitalist society as the social structure based on nation-state, the risk "disconnection" induced by the reorganization of social activities as the internal thread of the structure, and the inherent "politics of life" as the subject of risk. Wallerstein, on the other hand, who was more influenced by Marx, explains the social structure as a modern world system based on production, believing that the division of labor has shaped the reorganization of social activities, while the structural imbalance in the division of labor is the source of risk, and breaking through the existing system is the only way out. All in all, the starting points of Giddens’ and Wallerstein’s narratives are respectively the nation-state and economic production, their core threads are respectively delocalization and division of labor, and their propositions are respectively the politics of life and the breakthrough of the system. But, the commonality of the two lies in the attachment to the concept of transcendental structure and its corresponding alienation from classic texts of Marxism. |
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Key words: Structuralism; Giddens; Wallerstein; social criticism; Marx |
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