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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2021)03-0112-10 |
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通道平等：柯亨的正义 |
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贾可卿 |
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（中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院，北京 100732） |
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| 摘 要： 在关于“什么的平等”的论争中，柯亨提出了“通道平等”的思想。在人们追求一切美好事物的通道起点，他主张世界资源共有，并用以限制自我所有权及以之为基础建立的私有财产权；在通道过程中，他主张消除一切运气的影响，限制因非自愿选择造成的在资源、能力、福利等方面的不平等；在通道的终点，他主张弘扬共同体的互惠共享风尚，进一步削减因个人自愿选择因素造成的不平等。“通道平等” 追求在各个环节实现尽可能平等的分配方式，是一种社会主义机会平等。当然，柯亨的理论中仍然存在一些有待解决的问题，比如资源共有与自我所有的矛盾、非自愿选择与责任的矛盾、生产效率与共享风尚的矛盾等。但作为一个不断追求更多平等的践行者，柯亨以其研究为平等主义理论的发展提供了借鉴。 |
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| 关键词： 柯亨；通道平等；正义；社会主义机会平等；自我所有权；非自由选择；自我选择 |
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Equal access to advantage: G. A. Cohen’s justice theory |
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JIA Ke-qing |
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（Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732） |
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| Abstract: In debating with liberals about “equality of what”, G. A. Cohen brings forward the theory of equal access to advantage. Cohen insists that, at the starting point of the access when people are pursuing all good, world resources should be public-owned, and self-ownership and private property rights should be restricted, that in the course of the access, all influences of luck should be eliminated to restrict those inequalities in resources, capabilities, welfares and so on caused by involuntary choices, and that at the end of the access, a fashion of mutual benefit and mutual share should be advocated to further reduce inequalities. Equal access to advantage, a distribution mode which strives to realize equality as much as possible at all procedures, may be recognized as a kind of socialist opportunity equality. Of course, there still exist some problems to be solved in Cohen’s theory, such as the contradictions between public ownership and self-ownership of resources, involuntary choice and responsibility, production efficiency and shared morality, and so on. But as a practitioner who keeps pursuing more equality, Cohen provides references for the development of the equalitarianism theory with his own research. |
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Key words: G. A. Cohen; equal access to advantage; justice; socialist opportunity equality; self-ownership; involuntary choice; one's own choice |
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