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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2020)05-0082-13 |
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中美贸易的就业创造效应分解：基于国际产业关联的视角 |
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戴枫1,3，柴嘉悦2 |
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（1. 南京林业大学经济管理学院，江苏南京，210037；
2. 南京审计大学经济学院，江苏南京，211815；3. 南京大学商学院，江苏南京，210093） |
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| 摘 要： 基于国际产业关联的角度，采用假设抽取方法以及WIOD数据库测算了2000―2014年中美贸易对中美两国和世界上其他41个国家及地区的56个生产部门的就业创造效应。研究发现：中美贸易所创造的就业岗位除了在中美两国以外，还主要分布在亚洲和拉美国家，并且为美国创造的就业上升速度要明显快于其他国家。中对美出口主要带动制造业就业机会，并且是低技术和中低技术制造业的就业；而美对中出口主要带动服务业和中高技术制造业就业机会。两国制造业相互出口除了能带动各国制造业本身就业以外，还能带动进口国与贸易直接相关的一些传统服务业就业，并且美对中制造业出口所创造的全球服务业就业大于资源型产业就业，而中对美制造业出口所带动的中国资源型产业就业大于服务业，拉动美国和其他国家的服务业就业大于资源型行业。 |
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| 关键词： 中美贸易；就业；产业关联；HEM；命运共同体 |
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Decomposition of effects of China-US trade on job creation: From the perspective of International Industrial Linkage |
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DAI Feng1,3, CHAI Jiayue2 |
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（1. School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
2. School of Economics, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing 211815, China;
3. School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China） |
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| Abstract: From the perspective of International Industry Linkage, we adopt hepothetical extraction method and WIOD database to estimate the employment creation effects of China-US trade on 56 sectors in 43 countries and regions from 2000 to 2014. We find that, besides China and the US, the jobs created by China-US trade are mainly distributed in Asian and Latin American countries. Chinaese exports to the US mainly lead to manufacturing employment, and low-tech and medium-low-tech manufacturing employment, while the US exports to China mainly lead to service industry and medium-high-tech manufacturing employment. In addition to promoting the employment of manufacturing in either country, the mutual manufacturing exports in both countries can also promote the employment of some traditional service industries directly related to trade in importing and exporting countries. Manufacturing exports from US to China can create more jobs in services than in resource industries, while manufacturing exports from China to U.S. can derive more jobs in resource industries than in services for China, and more jobs in services than in resource industries for US and other countries. |
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Key words: China-US trade; employment; industrial linkage; HEM; community of shared future |
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