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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2020)03-0080-10 |
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证明程度在民国时期的学理演进及启示 |
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马莉1,2，何邦武2 |
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（1. 南京大学法学院，江苏南京，210093；2. 南京审计大学法学院，江苏南京，211815） |
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| 摘 要： 通过对证明标准原初概念即证明程度在民国时期证据法学各著述中的钩沉，可以探索证明程度在中国法治现代化早期证据知识体系语境中的原初涵义以及证据知识结构中的位阶。可以初步证立的是，在有关证明程度的知识立场上，以体系化的思维对待证明程度，使证明程度与证明责任、自由心证等构成一个完整的知识体，是思考证明程度问题应然的出发点。当前，我国诉讼证明标准理论中存在着结构性缺陷、作为其前提的认知理论的理想化、泛哲学化思维等问题，以致在包括证明标准在内的知识再生产中形成了一种“路径依赖”，亟待从理论上予以克服，方能尽快回归证明标准理论应然的知识结构逻辑中。 |
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| 关键词： 证明程度；自由心证；民国时期证据法 |
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Evolution and enlightenment of scientific principles of the degree of proof during the Republic of China |
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MA Li1,2, HE Bangwu2 |
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（1. School of Law, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
2. School of Law, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing 211815, China） |
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| Abstract: By studying the original concept of proof standard, namely the degree of proof, in various works of evidence law during the Republic of China, we can explore the original connotation of degree of proof in the context of early evidence knowledge system in China's legal modernization and the order of evidence knowledge structure. What can be preliminarily proved valid is that, from the knowledge view of the degree of proof, treating the degree of proof with systematic thinking, and making the degree of proof, the responsibility of proof and the free evaluation of the evidence form a complete part of knowledge emerge as the starting point of considering the degree of proof as it is. Currently, in the litigation proof standard theory of our country, there exist problems such as structural defects, idealization of cognitive theory as its premise, pan-philosophical thinking, and the like. Consequently, a kind of "Path Dependence" is formed in the knowledge reproduction including proof standard, which urgently needs to be overcome in theory. Only in this way, can we return as soon as possible to the knowledge structure logic that the proof standard theory ought to be. |
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Key words: degree of proof; free evaluation of the evidence; evidence law during the Republic of China |
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