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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2020)03-0011-13 |
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疫情风险认知过程与代际互动模式研究 |
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吕鹏，刘芳 |
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（中南大学公共管理学院，湖南长沙，410083） |
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| 摘 要： 中国进入“风险社会”，风险呈现突发性与常态化。2019年12月暴发新冠疫情反映了全社会风险认知的滞后性与差异性。在民众风险认知差异化情况下，如何通过个体互动，达成风险认知与行为共识的过程机制。通过访谈研究发现，在家庭层面，个体风险认知与行为差异主要存在于代与代之间。在疫情暴发阶段，亲代的迟钝回避和子代的警觉与敏感形成对比；扩散阶段，子代开始对亲代的风险认知进行强化，亲代尝试认知与评估风险；均衡阶段，两代人就风险认知基本达成共识，但仍有部分亲代选择排斥。在风险认知与共识达成过程中，呈现三种代际互动模式：其中，传统的自上而下、互联网时代自下而上属于单向代际互动模式，容易造成代际对峙与冲突；基于主体性的双向互动模式，充分尊重两代人的主体地位，有效地弥合了代际冲突；主体性的双向互动模式以信任关系优化风险传播方式、以信息解码提高风险传播效能、以强弱互补增信政府权威信息。微观家庭层面代际互动模式的探究，为宏观疫情防控政策的制定提供微观层面的的理论支撑。 |
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| 关键词： 疫情；公共卫生事件；风险认知；代际互动；主体性；协商式 |
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Research on epidemic risk cognitive process and intergenerational interaction model |
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LU Peng, LIU Fang |
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（School of Public Administration ,Central South University, Changsha 410083, China） |
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| Abstract: China has entered a "Risk Society" , the risk presenting suddenness and normality. In December 2019, the new coronary pneumonia broke out and spread rapidly, exposing the lag and differences of risk cognition in the whole society. This research particularly focuses on the process mechanism of how to achieve the consensus of risk cognition and behavior through individual interaction under different risk cognitions. Through interviews, the research finds that at the family level, individual risk cognition and behavior differences mainly exist between generations. During the outbreak phase, the slow avoidance of the parents contrasts with the alert sensitivity of the offspring. During the spreading phase, the offspring begin to strengthen the risk cognition of the parents, who try to recognize and evaluate the risk. During the equilibrium phase, the two generations basically agree on the risk perception, but some of them still choose to reject it. In the process of risk cognition and consensus-building, there are three kinds of inter-generational interaction patterns. Among them, traditional intergenerational interaction from top to bottom and Internet era intergenerational interaction from bottom to top are all one-way models, which easily lead to intergenerational confrontation and conflict. The third is the two-way interaction mode based on the subjectivity, fully respecting the subjectivity status of the two generations, effectively bridging the intergenerational conflict. The third model optimizes the risk communication way through trust relation, improves the risk communication efficiency through information decoding, and increases the government authority information through strength and weakness. At the level of micro-family, the micro-behavior support of macro-epidemic prevention and control policy has been strengthened. |
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Key words: epidemic situation; public health events; risk recognition; intergenerational interaction; subjectivity; consultative |
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