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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2020)01-0032-08 |
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慎独与沉沦：观念史变迁中的群己关系研究 |
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章林 |
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（安庆师范大学马克思主义学院，安徽安庆，246133） |
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| 摘 要： 儒家的慎独和海德格尔的沉沦这两个观念在比较学视域中构成了有趣的比照。在儒家群体本位的传统中，慎独在很长一段时期里表达的是对个体独居时非道德性的行为或念头的警惕，但是在阳明及其后学的思想中，慎独的内涵转变为对个体内在良知的肯定。沉沦则表达了在个体主义意识形态下，人们对社会性生活的焦虑，认为群体生活会让个体丧失其本真的存在，沦落为中性的“常人”，它以一种较为激进的方式表达了对群体生活的否定。在海德格尔之后，他的学生们开始反思和批判这种极端个体化的存在之思，并以政治、社会和伦理关系为本位来重新定位个体的存在。在观念史的变迁中，个体和群体呈现出一种相互诉求的运动态势，双方作为对立统一的两端，以辩证的方式交替发展。 |
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| 关键词： 慎独；沉沦；个体；群体；良知 |
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Falling and Shendu: Astudy on the relationship between group and self in the change of concept history |
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ZHANG Lin |
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（School of Marxism, Anqing Normal University, Anqing246133, China） |
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| Abstract: The two concepts of Confucian Shendu and Heidegger's Falling constitute an interesting comparison in the field of comparative studies. In the tradition ofConfucian community-centered ontology, Shendu expressesthe guard against the amoral behavior or thought of individuals staying alone. However, in the thoughts of Wang Yangming's and afterwards, the connotation of Shendu has been reversed and turned into an affirmation of the individual's inner conscience. Falling expresses that in individualistic ideology, people are anxious over social life, believing that group life will make individuals lose their authenticity and become "ordinary people" (das Man) with neutrality. After Heidegger, his students begin to reflect on and criticize this extreme individualized thought and reorienting the existence of individuals on the basis of political, social and ethical relations. In the change of the concept history, the individual and the group present a kind of mutual appeal movement situation. As the two sides of the unity of opposites, they promote themselves alternately in a dialectical way. |
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Key words: Shendu;Falling; self; group; conscience |
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