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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2020)01-0001-12 |
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《四库全书总目》的文学批评 |
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何宗美 |
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（西南大学文学院，重庆，400715） |
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| 摘 要： 四库馆臣编纂的《四库全书总目》，体大虑精、包举宏纤，是一部超大型的文学批评巨著。其批评对象的庞大性、批评内容的丰富性、批评文类的齐全性、批评体系的系统性，体现了《四库全书总目》无与伦比、不可取代的文学批评价值。《四库全书总目》的书籍批评、官学批评和全知批评等文学批评特征，不仅形成了《四库全书总目》独一无二的批评特色，而且构建了《四库全书总目》在中国文学批评史上不可替代的独特意义。《四库全书总目》运用自如的贯通批评、打通批评、通观批评、双向度批评等，又使《四库全书总目》成为18世纪中期中国文学批评的集大成之作，代表了那个时期中国文学批评的最高水平，在文献、视野、认识、思想、方法等多方面对中国文学批评研究以及批评史书写具有重要的借鉴意义。 |
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| 关键词： 《四库全书总目》；文学批评；书籍批评；官学批评；全知批评；独特价值 |
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Literary Criticism of Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four Treasures |
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HE Zongmei |
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（School of Literature, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China） |
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| Abstract: The comprehensive literary critical masterpiece Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four Treasures (abbreviated hereafter as Catalogue) is a supersized critical text with huge volume, profound thoughts, inclusive movements and sublime texture. The bulkiness of the objects of its criticism, the richness of the contents of its criticism, the comprehensiveness of the literary genres of its criticism, and the complexity of its critical system, all manifest its unparalleled and irreplaceable value in literary criticism. Such literary critical traits as book reviews, official criticisms and omniscient criticisms of Catalogue constitute not only its unique critical value, but also its irreplaceable significance in the history of Chinese literary criticism. Moreover, its flexible penetrating criticism, thorough and overall criticism, comprehensive criticism, and two-way criticism render Catalogue a monument of Chinese literary criticism in the mid 18th century. It represents the highest standard of Chinese literary criticism of that time, exerting important significance in references, horizon, knowledge, thoughts, methodology and so on. |
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Key words: Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four Treasures; literary criticism; book review; official criticism; omniscient criticism; unique value |
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