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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2019)05-0174-10 |
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道光朝陋规整顿与朝政困局探微——以道光末年晋抚王兆琛复设陋规案为中心 |
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张艺维 |
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（北京中医药大学马克思主义学院，北京，100029） |
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| 摘 要： 道光二十九年发生的晋抚王兆琛复设陋规案，为道光朝唯一一起封疆大员因陋规被革职遣戍的吏治重案。案情背后反映出道光朝陋规与地方官场生态的多重面相。王兆琛之前任巡抚吴其濬裁革陋规看似出于“洁己奉公”的道德追求，实则亦含有多种现实因素的考量，而王兆琛复设陋规缘由则集中体现出导致地方官员陷入收支困境的诸多因素。结合同一时期清廷裁革多省盐务陋规的活动，来考察王兆琛案的审理进程，会发现道光帝之整顿陋规已偏离吏治整饬的本质，异化为应对鸦片战争后国库空虚压力的权宜之计，而在相关人事部署中又隐然可见首席军机大臣穆彰阿的势力扩张。由此揭示出晚清初期的清王朝所面临的重重时代困局。 |
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| 关键词： 陋规；政治生态；道光朝；王兆琛；穆彰阿 |
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The overhaul of irregular charges and predicaments at court in Daoguang Reign: An investigation centered on the case of restoration of irregular charge by Shanxi governor Wang Zhaochen |
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ZHANG Yiwei |
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（School of Marxism, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China） |
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| Abstract: The case of Shanxi governor Wang Zhaochen in 1849 was the only case in Daoguang Reign that led a governor to be exiled because of irregular charge. This case reflected several aspects about the irregular charges and political ecology in Daoguang Reign. Wang’s predecessor Wu Qijun once abolished the salt irregular charge. Wu’s act was based on pragmatic consideration apart from his honest character. The reasons why Wang restored the irregular charge typically reflected the financial dilemmas of local officials. Taking into consideration the overhaul of irregular salt charges in several provinces in the same period, it is clear that the Emperor Daoguang concentrated on dealing with financial crisis rather than on disciplining local officials. The faction of the grand councilor Mu Zhang-a was growing in strength in the meantime. The investigation of Wang's case showed that the late Qing court was facing dire predicaments. |
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Key words: irregular charges; political ecology; the Daoguang reign; Wang Zhaochen; Mu Zhang-a |
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