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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2019)05-0047-08 |
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通过财产实现身体控制：罚金刑的主刑化 |
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王烁 |
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（北京化工大学文法学院，北京，100029） |
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| 摘 要： 罚金刑在我国刑法中被规定为附加刑，但对于罚金刑是否应当上升为主刑的讨论一直持续。近年来，随着犯罪门槛下降和轻微犯罪增多的刑法新趋势，罚金刑主刑化的思考愈发具有现实意义。罚金刑是否上升为主刑，应当取决于其是否符合主刑设置的标准，即形式上能否广泛地适用于分则罪名是前提条件，是否符合主刑身体控制的实质特征是核心条件。从刑罚演进的角度来看，主刑发展已经历了以身体刑(生命刑、肉刑)为主到以自由刑为主的历史进程，前者直接作用于犯罪人的身体，后者通过直接控制身体活动来限制自由，而迈向以财产刑为主的变化，则是通过财产实现间接身体控制的表现。随着我国经济社会的快速发展，经济状况和人们身体活动范围日益紧密，在分则广泛设置罚金刑，通过财产实现对犯罪人的间接的身体控制成为可能，将其上升为主刑完全可行和必要。 |
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| 关键词： 罚金刑；主刑；附加刑；轻微犯罪；身体控制 |
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Body control through the property: Principalization of fining penalty |
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WANG Shuo |
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（School of Arts and Law, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China） |
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| Abstract: Fining penalty is stipulated as a supplementary punishment in Criminal Code of China; however, the dispute over whether fining should be treated as principal punishment has been lasting for decades. As the threshold of crime has declined and the number of minor offenses has increased in recent years, the practical meaning of this dispute has become more and more apparent. Whether fining should be stipulated as a principle punishment is up to whether it fits the standards of principal punishment. Specifically speaking, it must apply to crimes of a wide range, as well as realizing the effect of body control. From the perspective of punishment evolvement, principle punishments have undergone a historic process from physical penalties to liberty penalties. The former ones are directly imposed on the body of offenders, while the latter ones restrain freedom through direct body control. The development of fining is the manifestation of indirect body control through property. Along with the rapid development of economy, the connection between property and activity scope is closer which means that it is possible and necessary to stipulate fining as a principal punishment to realize body control through property. |
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Key words: fining penalty; principal punishment; supplement punishment; minor offenses; body control |
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