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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2019)05-0023-07 |
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从直观形式到体验关联体：康德与狄尔泰历史观的不同基础 |
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刘凤娟 |
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（暨南大学文学院，广东广州，510632） |
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| 摘 要： 康德将时间界定为主体先天认识能力中的纯粹直观形式，这是他对近代客观性时间观的超越。但他也保留了时间的被动性和时空之间的可通约性。在这种时间视域中，普遍历史只能通过纯粹理性对人类一切经验性行动的通盘把握而建立起来。但由此得到的历史是脱离个体生命的。狄尔泰将时间理解为生命体验的结构关联体，精神科学乃至一切自然科学的抽象知识都以体验为起点。建立在这种时间观上的历史就是对人的本真生活的描述。狄尔泰通过对康德时间观的超越，将批判哲学的问题意识扩展到历史认识论中。历史认识的主体和客体都是具有原始体验并处于时间流变中的生命。 |
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| 关键词： 康德；狄尔泰；时间；历史；直观；体验 |
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From intuition form to experiential nexus: The different foundations of Kant's and Dilthey’s views on history |
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LIU Fengjuan |
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（Department of Literature, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China） |
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| Abstract: Kant defines time as the pure intuition form of the innate cognitive ability of the subject, which is his transcendence in the modern objective concept of time. But he also retains the passivity of time and the compatibility between time and space. In this horizon, universal history can only be established through the overall grasp of all human empirical actions by pure reason. But the history hence deduced is divorced from individual life. Dilthey regards time as the structural nexus about life stream and primitive experience. The abstract knowledge of human sciences and natural sciences starts with individual life experiences. History based on this view of time is the description of human's real life. Dilthey extends Kant’s critical philosophy to historical epistemology by sublating Kant's concept of time. The subject and object of historical knowledge are both life with primitive experience and in the course of time flow. |
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Key words: Kant; Dilthey; time; history; intuition; experience |
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