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中南大学学报(社会科学版)
ZHONGNAN DAXUE XUEBAO(SHEHUI KEXUE BAN)

2019年05月第25卷第3期
   
本文已被:浏览1238次    下载641次   
文章编号:1672-3104(2019)03-0160-08
 
史家看文人:文史关系下的身份认同及批评史意义
 
熊湘
 
(江南大学人文学院,江苏无锡,214122)
 
摘  要: 史家对文人的身份批评是在文史关系下展开的。文史分离的迹象在东汉时期就已出现。魏晋六朝时期,辞采之文备受关注,重视辞采的创作倾向影响到史书的修撰,激发了史家的自我意识。史家由此开始强调文史分离,产生“耻为文士”的身份认知。自唐以来,史家的身份意识愈发强烈,他们一方面反对文人修史,另一方面强调先秦文史合一的状态,把“史”当作“文”的历史源头和价值体现,从而使“史家能文”成为潜在的观念。在传统价值观念的影响下,史家与文人的身份级差极为稳固,由此产生的批评话语蕴含着“以高行卑”的原则,对深入探究身份化文学批评具有启示意义。
 
关键词: 史家;文人;身份认同;批评
 
 
Historians reviewing the literati: Identity identification and its critical significance in the context of the relationship between literature and history
 
XIONG Xiang
 
(School of Humanities, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China)
 
Abstract: It is often under the relationship between literature and history that historians undertake the identity criticism at literati. Separation between literature and history appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the Wei Jin and Six Dynasties, the style of diction attracted much attention, and the tendency to emphasize rhetoric influenced the compilation of history books and stimulated the consciousness of historians. From then on, historians began to emphasize the separation of literature and history, resulting in the identity recognition of "shame as a Literati". Since the Tang Dynasty, historians have become increasingly aware of their identity. They opposed the compilation of history by literati on the one hand and on the other hand traced back to the state of the unity of literature and history in the pre-Qin period, regarding "history" as the historical source and value embodiment of "literature" so that it became a potential concept for historians to write. Under the influence of traditional values, the distinction between literati and historians was stable, resulting in the critical discourse which embodied the principle of "from the higher to the lower " and had inspiring significance for further exploring identity literary criticism.
 
Key words: historian; literati; identity; criticism
 
 
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