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中南大学学报(社会科学版)
ZHONGNAN DAXUE XUEBAO(SHEHUI KEXUE BAN)

2018年11月第24卷第6期
   
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文章编号:1672-3104(2018)06-0196-09
 
构建王权的专权:诺曼征服到亨利二世时期英国森林区制度的历史变迁
 
王栋
 
(北京大学法学院,北京,100871)
 
摘  要: 专权是一个传统概念,是王权公共性之外私人利益的部分。森林区是中世纪英国的典型专权,建立初期就遭受诸多非议,被认为是诺曼暴政的一部分。这一观点为牛津学派所坚持,产生了深远影响。但森林区的建立与欧陆传统密切相关,是个人王权时期的重要政治手段,既凸显了王权,又在一定程度上笼络了贵族集团。随着王权从个人王权走向制度王权,森林区专权也经历了转型,成为财政收入的重要来源。国王是国家的代表,是公共权威的缘由,没有强大的国王,就难以有超越封建结构的政治设计。森林区专权表面上是国王的个人喜好,实际上有丰富的历史根源和现实需要,在发展中逐渐制度化,成为中世纪英国王权的重要基础。
 
关键词: 专权;王权;森林区;森林法;狩猎
 
 
Prerogative for the establishment of monarchy: Historical evolution of Forest System in England from Norman Conquest to Henry II
 
WANG Dong
 
(School of Law, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
 
Abstract: Monarchy is a traditional concept and a part of private interests apart from its publicity. Forest System, as the typical monarchy of England in the Middle Ages, encountered numerous criticisms since its establishment, and was considered as a symptom of Norman monarchy. This view, firmly held by the Oxford School, exerted far-reaching influence. But essentially, the establishment of the Forest was closely related with European tradition, which, as an important political means in times of individual monarchy, not only highlighted monarchy, but also won over the aristocracy to a certain degree. As monarchy progressed from individual monarchy to system monarchy, forest monarchy also underwent transformation, and became a major source of fiscal revenues. The king is the representative of the country and the source of public authority; without a powerful king, it would be hard to fulfill the political designing of transcending feudal structure. Therefore, forest monarchy, a personal hobby of the king's superficially though, is actually rich in historical roots and caters to the real needs, which, systemized gradually in development, became the cornerstone of British monarchy of the Middle Ages.
 
Key words: prerogative; monarchy; forest; Forest Law; hunt
 
 
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