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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2018)05-0153-09 |
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社会交换视角下的社区参与：特征及机制分析 |
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田舒 |
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（北京化工大学文法学院，北京，100029） |
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| 摘 要： 社区参与是社区自治的核心要素，也是社会治理创新的必然要求。社区参与中的社会交换特征体现在：前提条件是社区居民个体通过组织内互动交流、进行有序参与，社会报酬是参与中获得的利益满足和情感支持，付出成本是参与中投入的资源和精力，社会期望是对参与所得的预计。社会交换视角下的社区参与机制表现为：社区居民以社区自治机构和社区社会组织为行动载体，通过社区中的互动交往行为来获得社会报酬、同时付出一定成本，报酬与期望的比较结果决定了后续参与过程是否发生。以社会交换视角对社区参与特征和机制进行分析，对我国社区治理模式创新具有重要启示意义。 |
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| 关键词： 社区参与；社会交换；社区居民；社区自治 |
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Community participation in the perspective of social exchange： An analysis of characteristics and mechanism |
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TIAN Shu |
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（School of Humanities and Law, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China） |
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| Abstract: Community participation is a core element of community autonomy and a necessary requirement of promoting social governance innovation. The characteristics of social exchange in community participation are embodied in the following aspects. The prerequisite for social exchange process is that an individual member of the community has orderly participation by communicating with others in the organization. The social reward is interest satisfaction and emotional support obtained in participation. The cost is resource and energy devoted in participation. The social anticipation is an expectation for acquisition in participation. And a mechanism of social exchange in community participation is manifested in the following aspects. Community residents consider community autonomy institutions and community social organizations as action carriers, obtain social reward through interactive behaviors in the community, and pay a certain cost at the same time. The result of comparison between reward and expectation determines whether the next participation process will continue or not. Analyzing the characteristics and mechanism of community participation in the perspective of social exchange has considerable significance to pattern innovation of community governance in China. |
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Key words: community participation; social exchange; community residents; community autonomy |
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