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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2018)05-0047-11 |
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特别行政区宪法解释提请权的法理依据与实践动因 |
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朱福惠，张晋邦 |
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（厦门大学法学院，福建厦门，361005） |
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| 摘 要： 宪法与基本法共同构成特别行政区的宪制基础。实践证明，如果不能将宪法适用于特别行政区的治理，基本法难以独自支撑。所以，特别行政区应从基本法治理向宪法和基本法治理转型。宪法在特别行政区的实施，主要是宪法适用和宪法解释问题。宪法和法律均没有明确规定特别行政区的国家机关在何种条件下有提请解释宪法的权力，立法法也没有对特别行政区国家机关的违宪审查要求权作出规定，实质上未能正确地对待特别行政区的宪法地位，不利于宪法在特别行政区的适用和解释，也不利于中央政府和特别行政区政府适用宪法实现特别行政区的治理。所以，特别行政区国家机关宪法解释提请权的运用虽然是宪法适用和宪法解释的程序性权力，但符合我国的宪法体制和宪法解释原理。通过宪法解释提请权的行使，可以解决特别行政区法制实践中的紧迫问题，从而维护“一国两制”和基本法的权威。 |
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| 关键词： 宪法治理；宪法解释；提请权；特别行政区 |
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The legal basis and practical motivation of the power of SAR to submit the proposal of constitutional interpretation |
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ZHU Fuhui, ZHANG Jinbang |
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（School of Law, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China） |
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| Abstract: Both the Constitution and the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China constitute the constitutional foundation of SAR. Practice has proven that without the sufficient application of the Constitution, the Basic Law of SAR in Hong Kong can not suffice for the SAR’s governance. So, the governance of SAR should be transformed from the governance of the Basic Law to the co-governance of both the Constitution and the Basic Law. The implementation of the Constitution in SAR mainly involves the application and the interpretation of the Constitution. Neither the Constitution nor the Basic Law specifically stipulates on what conditions the state organs of SAR are entitled to submit the proposal of constitutional interpretation. Nor has legal legislation made any stipulations on the censorship claim of the state organs of SAR. As a matter of fact, failure to extend the correct treatment with constitutional status of SAR is harmful not only to the application and interpretation of the Constitution in SAR, but also to the governance of both the Central People’s Government and the SAR government in applying the Constitution. Therefore, the adoption of the state organs of SAR to submit the proposal of constitutional interpretation is a procedural power, in conformity with the constitutional system and the principle of constitutional interpretation of our country. By executing the power of submitting the proposal of constitutional interpretation, some urgent issues in legal practice of SAR can be solved by the state organs of the SAR so that the authority of the Basic Law of SAR and the policy of “one country, two systems” can be maintained. |
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Key words: constitutional governance; constitutional interpretation; the submitting power of constitutional interpretation; the Special Administrative Region (SAR) |
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