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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2018)02-0037-09 |
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环境公益诉讼中“公益”的识别与认定——一种反向排除的视角 |
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张宝，潘鸣航 |
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（中南财经政法大学法学院，湖北武汉，430073；中国人民大学法学院，北京，100010） |
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| 摘 要： 如何认定环境公益诉讼所救济的“环境公益”一直存在较大争议。从正面直接定义环境公益的概念极具难度与抽象性，但可以通过其与“私益”相区分的本质特点，采用反向排除的方法认定其范围，即先区分损害行为是环境污染行为还是生态破坏行为，再区分损害对象是对环境本身的损害还是对人的损害，最后区分损害结果是实害、具体危险还是抽象危险，构建从“损害行为—损害对象—损害后果”三要件递进排除能够通过私益诉讼得到救济的对象，进而识别出损害环境公益的具体表现。 |
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| 关键词： 环境公益诉讼；私益诉讼；三要件递进排除法；反向视角 |
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Identification of “public interest” in environmental public interest litigation: A reverse perspective |
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ZHANG Bao, PAN Minghang |
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（School of Law, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; School of Law, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100010, China） |
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| Abstract: It is controversial to identify the “environmental public interest” of the environmental public interest litigation. The concept of environmental public interest is abstract and difficult to be defined directly. But through the essential characteristics of the distinction between “environmental public interest” and “private interests”, we can use reverse exclusion to affirm the range of “environmental public interest”. It means that firstly we should distinguish environmental pollution from ecological damage, and then confirm whether it is the damage to environment or to human, and finally confirm the consequences of damage that actually have occurred. Through the three elements of “damage behaviors - damage objects - damage consequences”, we can progressively exclude the objects which can be relieved by private interest litigation, and then recognize the specific manifestations of environmental public interest. |
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Key words: environmental public interest litigation; private interest litigation; progressive exclusion by three elements; reverse view |
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