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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2017)02-0008-06 |
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论罗尔斯引进无知之幕的理由 |
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汪志坚 |
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（北京大学哲学系，北京，100871） |
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| 摘 要： 罗尔斯在不同地方给出过引进无知之幕的三种理由；一是为了实现契约内容的一致性；二是为了避免道德不应得因素对人们生活前景的影响；三是为了实现康德的自律。这三种理由都有各自的不足。罗尔斯的相关论述暗示了引进无知之幕的第四种理由：从原初状态中要选出的是完全正义的原则，但人们的身份信息都受到现有的有缺陷的社会基本结构的影响，只有引进无知之幕遮蔽这些信息，才能得到理想的正义理论。 |
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| 关键词： 罗尔斯；无知之幕；应得；自律；理想理论 |
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On Rawls’ reasons for setting the veil of ignorance |
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WANG Zhijian |
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（Department of Philosophy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China） |
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| Abstract: The introduction of the veil of ignorance into the original position distinguishes Rawls’ theory of social contract from all traditional ones. Rawls raises three reasons for setting the veil of ignorance: first, because it would bring about a unanimous social contract; second, because it prevents morally undeserved factors from influencing people’s life prospect; third, because it helps to realize Kant’s autonomy. However, these three reasons all suffer various drawbacks. Rawls’s relevant accounts imply that he also has a fourth reason for setting the veil of ignorance: he expects to produce a perfectly just principle out of the original state as people’s identity is influenced by existing defective social basic structure; only by introducing the veil of ignorance to screen out such defective information, can the ideal theory of justice be obtained. |
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Key words: Rawls; veil of ignorance; desert; autonomy; ideal theory |
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