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中南大学学报(社会科学版)
ZHONGNAN DAXUE XUEBAO(SHEHUI KEXUE BAN)

2017年01月第23卷第1期
   
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文章编号:1672-3104(2017)01-0130-06
 
先秦三大群体的“立言”与文章学
 
胡大雷
 
(广西师范大学文学院,广西桂林,541004)
 
摘  要: 圣人君王是最早的“立言”者,《尚书》是其“立言”集中撰录的代表,其“立言”具有立法性并获得“立德”盛誉。先秦“学在官府”,王官职官即巫、祝、卜、史之类亦为主要的“立言”者,其“立言”的主要的特点即规则性、规范性。祝辞嘏辞有常法,祝、史莫敢变易;占卜有卦书,依据而言;史书有“义”有“法”,即所谓孔子作春秋“笔则笔,削则削,子夏之徒不能赞一辞”。卿大夫、士是先秦第三“立言”群体,“听政”制度使卿士大夫“立言”成为时代需要,其“立言”,或献诗、或进谏、或出谋划策、或自主抒怀,都与现实密切相关。此三大群体的“立言”各有其特点,对古代文章学有深刻的影响:由圣人君王的“立言”即“立德”影响着文章与“德”的紧密相连;由王官职官“立言”的规则、规矩影响到对文体规范的追求;由卿士大夫以个人“立言”改变现实影响到文章对现实性的追求。
 
关键词: 君王;王官职官;卿士大夫;立言
 
 
Setting up words of the three groups in pre-Qin Dynasty and its impact on article science
 
HU Dalei
 
(School of Literature, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China)
 
Abstract: The emperor and sages are the earliest creators of words. Shangshu as a representative of collective words, was legislated and reputed for establishing virtues. In pre-Qin Dynasty, schooling was done in the government authorities' residents, and royal officials were mostly the creators of the words, including the witch, the wish, the divination, the historian and so on, with regularity and standardization as its major characteristics. The divination words were from certain books. The history books were written in the rule of The Spring and Autumn Analects by Confucius. Scholar-officials were the third part of creators of words. The system of listening to policy resulted in that the Scholar-officials’ needs in setting up words met the needs of the times. That is to say, their words, either in the forms of poems, advising, counseling, or self-expression, are all closely related with the society. These three major groups who set up words had their different characteristics and had far-reaching influence on ancient article science. The impact of the words of the emperor led to the close relationship between articles and virtue building. The rules and standardization of the creation of words influenced the standardization of article. The personal creation of words played a key role in the article’s aim in pursuit of the reality.
 
Key words: the emperor; royal officials; scholar-officials; setting up words
 
 
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