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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2015)04-0249-08 |
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否定结构“(看我)不VP+NP”的肯定识解 |
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尹海良 |
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（山东大学(威海)文化传播学院，山东威海，264209） |
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| 摘 要： 基于功能语言学中的认知语法理论，讨论否定结构“(看我)不VP+NP！”的肯定识解问题，并定性为结构相对松散的一类构式。从交际功能出发，首先阐述该构式的语用功能，分别为：警示与威吓、惩罚与飙狠、预估与告诫。基于内容和形式相互验证的语言研究原则，依次概括出构式表义中语义、句法与语用的配列关系。其次，描写分析构式的句法结构和标记成分特点，讨论影响构式义表现的人称、位置、重音等几个重要因素。再次，基于真实文本语料，对构式结构和构式义的生成做共时平面的逻辑推导，认为其来源有两个：一类是无标记否定疑问句和含有否定词的是非问句；一类是“不VP……才怪”框架中“才怪”的脱落。最后，简要讨论了构式“(看我)不VP+NP！”的几种变体形式。 |
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| 关键词： 否定结构；(看我)不VP+NP；构式；肯定识解 |
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The positive construal of the negative structure“(kan wo) bu VP+NP” |
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YIN Hailiang |
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（School of Culture and Communication, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China） |
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| Abstract: Based on the cognitive grammar in the Functional Linguistics, we discuss the positive construal of the negative structure “(kan wo) bu VP+NP,” which is regarded as a kind of construction with a relatively loose structure. Firstly, from the perspective of the communicative function, we analyze its pragmatic functions such as warning and threatening, punishment and strict speech, estimate and caution, and summarize the collocation relation among the semantics, syntax and pragmatics. Secondly, we describe the features of the syntactic structure and marked elements, and examine some important factors that have influence on the constructional meaning. Thirdly, we make the logic inference for the emergence of the construction based on the synchronic corpus. We consider it possible that construction comes from the unmarked negative questions and the drop of “cai guai” in the framework “bu+VP…cai guai”. Finally, we briefly describe several variants of the construction “(kan wo) bu VP+NP”. |
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Key words: negative structure; (kan wo) bu VP+NP; construction; positive construal |
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