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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2013)06-0241-07 |
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战后美国对日本教育的改革新探(1945—1950) |
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白玉平，张杨 |
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（东北师范大学历史文化学院，吉林长春，130024） |
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摘 要： 对日本的教育民主化改革是战后美国对日本进行全面改造的一个重要方面，对日本教育的改革是去除日本军国主义和极端民族主义因素以及将日本改造成为一个西方式的民主国家的重要途径。为此在占领日本后，美国不仅对日本的教育管理体制、课程体系进行改革，还对日本的体育、宗教教育进行了大规模的改造。随着冷战的爆发，日本成为了美国与苏联在远东积极争取的目标，为了抵制共产主义在日本的传播，美国开始在日本的教育界展开了反共行动，并利用宗教作为对日本进行反共宣传攻势的重要工具。通过美国对日本的民主化教育改革的内容和过程的追述，认为在对日本的改革中美国采取了以专制的形式培育民主的政策，干涉了日本的学术自由和宗教自由。
附件:41-p241-13skhf6 |
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关键词： 冷战；日本教育；美国外交政策
中图分类号：G511 文献标识码：A
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U.S. Policy of Educational Democratization Reform for Japan in Postwar (1945—1950 |
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BAI Yuping, ZHANG Yang
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（School of History and Culture, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China） |
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| Abstract: The education democratization reform was a major part of total reform to Japan which was led by the United States of America after World War II. Reform on education played an important role in eliminating militarism and ultra-nationalism of Japan and promoting Japan into a democratic country. Therefore, after occupying Japan by the Allied Powers, the United States sponsored the reform of Japan education administration and curriculum system, the reform on physical education and religion education were accelerated simultaneously. In the Cold War, both the United States and Soviet Union regarded Japan as a strategic ally in East Asia and took action to control it. To resist communism, the United States launched an anti-communism action in Japanese education system. Religion was used as a weapon in anti-communism propaganda. But in the reform, the United States promoted democracy by a dictatorial way which interfered religion and academic freedom of Japan. |
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Key words: Cold War; Japan; Education Reform; U.S. Diplomacy |
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