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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2013)03-0036-06 |
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世贸组织中的贸易与环境议题
--基于委托-代理模型的分析 |
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苏瑞娜 |
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（南京大学政府管理学院，江苏南京，210093） |
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| 摘 要： 越来越多的研究开始关注全球化如何影响环境问题。WTO这样的国际组织面临着国际社会日益高涨的环境保护诉求压力，建立符合绿色经济的自由贸易制度也成为各主要成员国所追求的目标。但世贸组织的规则与涉及环境议题的贸易争端相关判例都显示出：促进商品与资本流通的自由贸易价值追求似乎并未受到环境规则的过多限制。如何理解这种现象？研究认为这源于世贸组织与成员国之间存在“委托-代理”行为模式。成员国政府作为委托人基于国内福利追求以及对环保问题的关注推动了世贸组织中贸易规则的“绿色化”，但世贸组织作为成员国的代理人，有着自身的利益与目标。成员国之间对环境规则缺乏共识以及成员国对世贸组织独立性缺乏有效限制使世贸组织在政策实施过程中能够保持相当程度的独立性，维持了自由贸易价值在世贸组织中不可比拟的优先性。 |
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| 关键词： 世贸组织；环境保护；环境规则；自由贸易；委托代理；全球治理 |
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Environment and Trade Issues in the WTO
--Base on the Principal-Agent Analysis |
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SU Ruina |
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（School of Government Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China） |
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| Abstract: More researchers start to pay attention to the relationship between globalization and the environment problems. International organization such as WTO now faces growing pressures from international community for environment protection and the establishment of the green economy in free trade system has became the objects of major WTO members. But the rules and related dispute cases in WTO show that the free trade value should still be considered as priority compared with environmental rules. How to understand this? That’s because there exists a “principal-agency” behavior mode among WTO and its members. The member governments pursuit the green rules for their domestic welfare, but WTO as a agency has its own interests and goals. The members as principal part don’t have consensus on environmental rules, also WTO as agency part can use the lack of effective restriction to ensure free trade values. |
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Key words: WTO; Environment Protection; Environment Rules; Free Trade; Principle-agent model; Global Governance |
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