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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2012)03-0048-06 |
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实验传统的历史重构 |
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赵煦 |
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（东南大学哲学与科学系，江苏南京，211189；金陵科技学院思政部，江苏南京，211169） |
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| 摘 要： 梅森和库恩都认为实验传统产生于十六世纪之后。事实上，通过对科学史的考察，实验从科学的源头开始一直在发挥作用。因此，实验传统的界定明显存在问题。究其原因，他们忽视了思想实验在科学史中的重要地位。正确认识实验在科学史中所发挥的作用，必须重构实验传统的历史。历史重构之后的实验传统共分为三个部分：十六世纪之前，科学活动中以思想实验为主，物质实验为辅；十六世纪至二十世纪，物质实验逐渐占据主导地位，但思想实验仍时有贡献；二十世纪至今，思想实验又开始发挥越来越重要的作用，现代科学越来越要求两种实验传统共同发挥作用。 |
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| 关键词： 梅森；库恩；实验传统；历史；思想实验；物质实验 |
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Reconstruction on the history of experiment tradition |
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ZHAO Xu |
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（Department of Philosophy and Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China） |
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| Abstract: Both Mason and Kuhn think that experiment tradition was born in the sixteenth century. In fact, through the study of the history of science, science experiments had played a role from the beginning of the history of science. Therefore, there are some problems in the definition of experiment tradition. The wrong definition resulted from the fact that they ignored that thought experiments had an important position in the history of science. If we want to understand correctly the role of experiments in the history of science, we have to reconstruct the history of experiment tradition. When we reconstruct reconstruct of the history of experiment tradition, it can be divided into three parts: Firstly, before the sixteenth century, experiments played a basic role in science, and physical experiments served as the supplement. Secondly, after the sixteenth century, the physical experiments gradually played a basic role, while experiments still played a role from time to time. Thirdly, from the twentieth century to now, experiments began to play an increasingly important role, and the increasing requirements of modern science requires the two experiment traditions play a certain role together. |
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Key words: Mason; Kuhn; experiment tradition; history; thought experiments; physical experiments |
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