|
| 文章编号：1672-3104(2013)01-0179-05 |
| |
|
“拭”“揩”“抹”“擦”“搌”的历史演变与方言分布 |
| |
王娟 |
| |
|
（太原师范学院文学院，山西太原，030012；华东师范大学中文系，上海，200241） |
| |
| 摘 要： “拭”“揩”“抹”“擦”“搌”是一组表“擦拭”的同义词，它们历史层次不同，意义范畴也有所不同。自先秦到明代，书面文献中一直以“拭”为主，清代开始萎缩，现代汉语普通话中“拭”则只保留在古语或个别成语中（“拭目以待”）。而“揩”自魏晋以来，一直在缓慢发展，但从没占居主导地位。“抹”“擦”作为后起之秀，明代以来就非常活跃，至今天二者平分秋色。“搌”作为方言词没有多大变化，始终居于次要地位，文献用例甚少。 |
| |
| 关键词： “拭”；“揩”；“抹”；“擦”；“搌”；历时演变；方言分布 |
| |
|
| |
Historical Level and Geographical Distribution of
Five Dialects expressing “Wipe” |
| |
WANG Juan |
| |
（Chinese Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
College of Chinese Language and Literature, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030012, China） |
| |
| Abstract: “Shi(拭)”, “Kai(揩)”, “Mo(抹)”, “Ca(擦)”, “Zhan(搌)” are a set of synonyms meaning “wipe”, which have different historical levels and different meaning areas. Since the Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, the literature has been written to “Shi(拭)” which, in the Qing Dynasty began to shrink; whereas in modern Mandarin, “Shi(拭)” only remains in the old saying or certain idioms (“wait and see”). “Kai (揩)” has slowly developed since Wei and Jin, but has never been in the dominant place. “Mo(抹)” and “Ca(擦)”, as rising stars, have been very active since the Ming Dynasty, evenly divided between the two till today. And “Zhan(搌)”, as the dialect word, has not changed much and has played a minor role, which is rarely used in the literature. |
| |
Key words: Shi; Kai; Mo; Ca; Zhan; diachronic evolution; dialect distribution |
| |
|
|
