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文章编号:1672-3104(2008)02−0176−07 |
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马克思破译人学“斯芬克司之谜”的历程与方法 |
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陈曙光 |
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(武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,湖北武汉,430072) |
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摘 要: “人是什么”的问题,即人的本质问题,是人学史上弥久而时新的“斯芬克司之谜”。马克思在破解这一千古之谜时,认识是不能深入的。最先提出“理性、自我意识是人的本质”;接着又认为“人是人的最高本质”,最后才得出“人的类特性是自由自觉的活动”“人的本质是一切社会关系的总和”、“人的需要即人的本质”等科学命题。马克思能破译这一千古之谜,关键在于实现了一场方法论革命,即从唯心史观为基础的方法转变到历史唯物主义方法。这主要体现在:从感性存在转变到感性活动;从既定本质上升到生成本质;从单一本质过渡到多重本质;从纯粹理想回归到现实生活;从自我确证跨越到对象互释。 |
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关键词: 马克思;人学;人的本质;唯物史观;唯心史观 |
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Karl Marx’s route and method in answering Core Questions of Hominology |
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CHEN Shuguang |
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(School of Politics and Public Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China) |
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Abstract: Karl Marx is the first person raising five relative conclusions when exploring Human’s Riddle, of which self-conciousness, thoughtfulness are the essence of human being and “Human is the higher essence of human being”; “The characteristic of human being is the self-concious activity”; “The essence of human being is the summary of his social relationships”; and “What man needs is his essence”. The contribution of Karl Marx for the solution to the riddle lies in the revolutionary breakthrough in methodology—from historical idealism to historical materialism. |
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Key words: Marx’s Hominology; Human’s Essence; historical materialism; historical idealism |
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