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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2026)01-0195-13 |
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忏悔、怙过与讼冤：柳宗元谪后之文的阐释路径及其变迁 |
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余祖坤，黄文浩 |
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（华中师范大学文学院，湖北武汉，430079） |
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| 摘 要： 关于柳宗元在谪后之文中对永贞革新的态度，历代论者争议颇多。唐宋正史有意将其塑造成忠顺的忏悔者形象，这使读者多从忏悔视角理解柳文。柳宗元的思想重智识而轻伦理，主张儒释统合、天人相分，这与理学强调的道德内省、排佛卫道等观念相冲突，故理学家群体对其品格和行事多有指责，认为其文显露出其品行之失。明末的政局巨变，让士人对柳宗元的悲剧遭遇产生共鸣，进而深切认同其人，遂视其文为讼冤之作。这些观点在清前中期交汇，形成了多元化的阐释局面。但至晚清，因时局与中唐的动荡特征相似，柳文阐释又回归讼冤视角。总体而言，对柳文的阐释主要循忏悔、怙过、讼冤三条路径展开，它们随时代变迁而交织演进，深刻影响了柳文的经典化进程。 |
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| 关键词： 柳宗元；散文批评；永贞革新；阐释 |
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Remorseful, impenitent and aggrieved: The interpretation path and its transformation of Liu Zongyuan’s post-demotion prose |
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YU Zukun, HUANG Wenhao |
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（School of Chinese Language and Literature, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China） |
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| Abstract: There has been much debate among scholars of successive dynasties regarding Liu Zongyuan’s attitude towards the Yongzhen Reform in his works written after his demotion. The official histories of the Tang and Song dynasties intentionally portrayed him as a loyal and obedient penitent, which caused most readers to interpret his works from a perspective of repentance. Liu Zongyuan’s thought emphasized intellect over ethics, advocating the integration of Confucianism and Buddhism as well as the separation of nature and humans, which was in conflict with the concepts emphasized by Neo-Confucianism, such as moral introspection and opposition to Buddhism to defend Confucianism. Therefore, the Neo-Confucian group often criticized his character and deeds, arguing that his works revealed flaws in his conduct. The drastic political changes in the late Ming Dynasty made scholars empathize with Liu Zongyuan’s tragic experience, leading them to deeply identify with him and thus regard his works as appeals for justice. These viewpoints converged in the early and middle Qing Dynasty, forming a diversified interpretation landscape. However, by the late Qing Dynasty, due to the similarity between the turbulent situation of the time and that of the mid-Tang Dynasty, the interpretation of Liu Zongyuan’s works returned to the perspective of appealing for justice. Generally speaking, the interpretations of Liu Zongyuan’s works have mainly followed three paths: repentance, adhering to past mistakes, and appealing for justice. These paths have intertwined and evolved with the changes of the times, profoundly influencing the canonization process of Liu Zongyuan’s works. |
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Key words: Liu Zongyuan; prose criticism; Yongzhen Reform; interpretation |
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