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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2026)01-0144-10 |
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交往异化与劳动异化：马克思早期异化论再探——从《穆勒评注》一处误译谈起 |
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李彬彬，周思妍 |
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（北京大学马克思主义学院，北京，100871） |
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| 摘 要： 在《穆勒评注》的中文版中，马克思关于交往异化与劳动异化关系的一处重要表述出现了误译。按照对德文原文的正确理解，马克思将交往异化视为劳动异化的前提，这反映出马克思早期异化论的重要思想突破，即其关注点从个体自身的劳动异化转向个体相互关系的交往异化。从《德法年鉴》时期开始，马克思已经关注自我异化与社会关系异化问题，并且认为消除社会关系异化是消除自我异化的前提。经过《巴黎手稿》对劳动异化与交往异化关系的探索，马克思在《穆勒评注》中明确论述了交往异化与劳动异化的经济学内涵，指出交往异化是劳动异化的前提。更为重要的是，马克思对交往异化和劳动异化这两个哲学术语做出了经济学的解读。马克思从社会经济变革的角度寻求个体异化的现实破解之路，这是对传统唯心主义异化论的本质变革。由此，马克思早期异化论的发展过程本身孕育着唯物史观的因素。 |
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| 关键词： 马克思；异化；交往异化；劳动异化；《穆勒评注》 |
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Alienation of social intercourse and alienation of labor: Revisiting Marx’s early theory of alienation from a mistranslation case in Comments on James Mill |
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LI Binbin, ZHOU Siyan |
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（School of Marxism, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China） |
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| Abstract: In the Chinese edition of Marx’s Comments on James Mill, there is a mistranslation of one crucial sentence in the original German edition, which concerns the relationship between the alienation of social intercourse and the alienation of labor. According to the correct comprehension of the original text, Marx regards the alienation of social intercourse as the presupposition of the alienation of labor. This reflects an important theoretical breakthrough in Marx’s early theory of alienation, namely its shift in focus from the alienation of individual labor to the alienation of interpersonal relations. Since the period of Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, Marx has paid attention to the problem of self-alienation and the alienation of social relations and proposed that the sublation of the alienation of social relations is the prerequisite for sublating self-alienation. Through his exploration of the relationship between the alienation of labor and the alienation of social intercourse in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx specifically discussed the economic connotations of these two types of alienation and suggested that the alienation of social intercourse is the presupposition of the alienation of labor in the Comments on James Mill. More importantly, Marx provided an economic interpretation of the two philosophical terms, namely the alienation of social intercourse and the alienation of labor. Marx pursued the practical sublation of individual alienation from the perspective of socio-economic transformation, which is an essential transformation of the traditional idealist theory of alienation. In this sense, the development of Marx’s early theory of alienation itself gradually generated the initial elements of Historical Materialism. |
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Key words: Carl Marx; alienation; alienation of social intercourse; alienation of labor; Comments on James Mill |
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