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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)06-0215-10 |
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《资本论》文本群中的国家理论及其对国家治理现代化的启示 |
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陈晓仪 |
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（清华大学马克思主义学院，北京，100084） |
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| 摘 要： “国家”是马克思政治经济学批判“五篇结构”和“六册计划”的重要内容。在马克思的经济思想中，其国家理论虽呈现出零散和未完成的特点，但深度观照了制度选择和经济治理问题，具有广阔的研究空间。在《资本论》文本群中，马克思批判了巴师夏和凯里反历史的观点，指明了国家经济形式的多样性及其阶段发展的必然性；通过分析“国民财富”和“现代国家”的关系，破除了古典政治经济学对国家发展目的的抽象认识，观照了经济关系在一国的具体化和国与国之间的整体性；通过研究资本主义社会经济实际，指出国家在公共事务、财富分配等方面的经济作用和制度局限。《资本论》文本群中的国家理论为推进新时代国家治理现代化提供了学理基础和实践启示。 |
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| 关键词： 马克思；政治经济学；《资本论》文本群；国家理论；国家治理现代化 |
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The state theory in the text group of Capital and its implications for the modernization of state governance |
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CHEN Xiaoyi |
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（School of Marxism, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China） |
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| Abstract: In the “five-volume structure” and the “six-volume plan” of Marx’s political economy criticism, the volume of state carries great weight. Although the state theory is fragmentary and unfinished in the history of Marx’s economics thought, it has opened expansive avenues for scholarly exploration because of its depth of concern for the choice of institutional models and economic governance. In the text group of Capital, Marx criticized the anti-historical nature of Bastiat and Carey’s views, and pointed out that the national economic form has the diversity of expression content, the indeterminacy of economic harmony and the historical inevitability of stage development. By analyzing the confusion in the understanding of the relationship between “national wealth” and “modern state” in classical political economy, Marx broke the abstract understanding of the purpose of national economic development, thereby illuminating both the specificity of economic relations within individual state and their interconnectedness across several states. In addition, by investigating the practice of economic governance in capitalist societies, Marx pointed out the performance of the state’s economic functions in public affairs, distribution of wealth as well as their institutional limitations. In general, the state theory in the text group of Capital provides the theoretical foundation and practical implications for advancing the modernization of state governance in the new era. |
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Key words: Marx; political economics; the text group of Capital; state theory; modernization of state governance |
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