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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)06-0194-11 |
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西南边疆治理视域下湘西军政地位的提升及建置——以明代“镇筸”为中心 |
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周妮 |
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（云南大学历史与档案学院，云南昆明，650091） |
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| 摘 要： “镇筸”之名为“镇”“筸”二字合称。其最早出现并使用，始于正德八年镇筸守备的设置。镇筸所在的湘西地区自先秦时期即设黔中郡管辖，为秦楚两国争夺的重点区域，是楚国西拓云贵的要隘，区位战略价值明显。在唐代，镇筸属黔中道，为连接唐朝“内地”与“边疆”(剑南道、岭南道)的重要地带。在宋代，镇筸是与“省地”交界的羁縻(边缘)地区，广泛设置寨堡进行系统化军事管理，开启区域治理的新篇章。元明时期，保靖州与保靖州军民宣慰使司的设置，使区域高级政区建置发生改变，达到峰值。尤其在明朝西南边疆治理的历史地理大背景下，镇筸所在的湘西地区成为连接“内地”与“西南边疆”的重要通道，战略价值进一步提升。为维护这一通道，保障西南边疆治理所需人力、物力、财力的供给，湘西成为“西南战略”的重要部分，镇筸成为区域治理的“重中之重”，先后在该地置镇筸守备、镇筸参将。至嘉靖时期，湖广总督在沅州的设置，更使区域管理及防御等级上升到最高层次。 |
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| 关键词： 明代；湘西；镇筸；西南边疆治理 |
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Enhancement and establishment of the military and political status of Xiangxi under the governance perspective of the southwestern border—Centered on “Zhen Gan” in Ming Dynasty |
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ZHOU Ni |
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（School of History and Archives, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China） |
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| Abstract: “Zhen Gan” is a combination of “Zhen” and “Gan”. Its earliest appearance and use can date back to the establishment of Zhen Gan’s Guarding and Preparation Ministry in the eighth year of Zhengde. Xiangxi, where Zhen Gan is located, had been under the jurisdiction of the Qianzhunjun since the pre-Qin period, a key area of contention between the Qin and Chu, and a vital point for the Chu to expand its territory to the west into Yunnan and Guizhou with obvious strategic value of location. In Tang Dynasty, it belonged QianzhongDao, which was an important area connecting the “inner land” and “frontier” (JiannanDao and LingnanDao). In Song Dynasty, Zhen Gan became a dependent region on the border with “provincial land”, where the system of fortress was extensively set up to achieve systematic military management, thus opening a new chapter in regional governance. During the Yuan and Ming dynasty, the establishment of Baojing County and its ministry for both the army and the civilian changed the administrative structure of the region, and reached its peak. Particularly, against the backdrop of the historical geography of the Ming Dynasty’s governance of the southwestern frontier, Xiangxi, where Zhen Gan is located, became an important passage in connecting the “interior” with the “southwestern frontier,” further enhancing its strategic value. To maintain this passage and ensure the supply of manpower, material resources, and financial resources needed for the governance of the southwestern frontier, Xiangxi became an important part of the “southwestern strategy”, with Zhen Gan becoming the “top priority” in regional governance, successively establishing the Zhen Gan’s Guarding and Preparation Ministry and Zhen Gan’s Deputy General. To the Jiajing period, the establishment of Huguang’s Governor-general in Yuanzhou further elevated the level of regional management and defense to the highest level. |
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Key words: Ming Dynasty; Xiangxi; Zhen Gan; governance of the southwest frontier |
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