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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)06-0122-12 |
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信托受托人责任免除的合同限度 |
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倪受彬1，顾尧舜2 |
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（1. 同济大学上海国际知识产权学院，上海，200092；
2. 华东政法大学经济法学院，上海，200042） |
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| 摘 要： 信托合同所能免除的受托人责任范围是信托实务和司法实践中的一大争议问题，对此，我国立法并没有作出规定。基于信托财产的目的财团属性以及信托的外部性效果，受托人违背信托目的所产生的责任不能通过信托合同约定免除，此即受托人免责限度的确定理路。在具体判断中，受托人违反忠实义务原则上不可以免责，除非受托人的交易行为公平合理。对于注意义务，首先，受托人故意造成信托财产损失不可免责。其次，违反注意义务构成过失是否可以免责需要视信托类型而定：在民事信托中，过失责任可以免除；在商事信托中，仅一般过失可以免责，重大过失不可以免责；在慈善信托中，一般过失和重大过失都不可以免责。 |
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| 关键词： 免责条款；信托目的；忠实义务；注意义务 |
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Limit of exempting trustee’s liability by trust contract |
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NI Shoubin1, GU Yaoshun2 |
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（1. Shanghai International College of Intellectual Property, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
2. School of Economic Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042, China） |
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| Abstract: The scope of liability that can be exempted from trust contract is a controversial issue in trust business and judicial practice, which is not stipulated in China’s legislation. Based on the purpose of the trust property and the external effect of the trust property, the liability for trustee not dealing with the trust property according to the trust purpose cannot be exempted by trust contract. This is the rational way to determine the limit of exempting trustee’s liability. In the specific judgment, for the duty of loyalty, the trustee cannot be exempted from the liability for breach of duty of loyalty in principle, unless the trustee’s trading for behavior is fair and reasonable. As for the duty of care, first of all, the trustee cannot be exempted for liability of damaging trust property intentionally. Secondly, whether the liability for negligence from breach of duty of care can be exempted depends on the type of trust. In civil trusts, negligence liability can be exempted; in commercial trusts, only ordinary negligence can be exempted, while gross negligence cannot be exempted; and in charitable trusts, negligence liability cannot be exempted, whether ordinary negligence or gross negligence. |
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Key words: exemption clause; trust purpose; duty of loyalty; duty of care |
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