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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)06-0092-15 |
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开除学籍处分事由的双重结构——《普通高等学校学生管理规定》第52条第3项释论 |
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蒋清华 |
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（中南大学法学院，湖南长沙，410083） |
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| 摘 要： “受到治安管理处罚，情节严重、性质恶劣的”，是《普通高等学校学生管理规定》确定的一项开除学籍处分事由，其顿号意指“并且”(单一结构)还是“或者”(双重结构)并不清楚。不少校规采取后种理解，存在合法性争议。根据“情节”“性质”的法律意义，并比较同类立法例，可初步判断系争法条具有双重结构。从历史解释来看，高校学生管理规定历经数次修改，其间，国家立法大幅增设应受治安管理处罚的行为种类，系争法条最终以概括性的治安违法规定适应社会变迁对高校管理的挑战，并以违法行为的性质、情节来限制高校处分权；而且该规章最近两次修改均强调立德树人之宗旨，故难以推出最大限度压缩开除事由的单一结构论，这与保障学生合法权益并不矛盾。双重结构论也能得到该规章内部体系解释、跨法规体系解释的验证。高校校规对“性质恶劣”的具体化，须在治安管理处罚法中基本处罚为最高幅度自由罚的违法行为范围内选择。 |
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| 关键词： 开除学籍；高校校规；违法性；前置法；治安管理 |
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JIANG Qinghua |
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（School of Law, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China） |
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| Abstract: “Subject to public security administration punishments, with serious circumstances and egregious nature”, constitutes one of the reasons for the expulsion of students from university as determined by Regulations on Student Management in Regular Higher Education Institutions. It remains unclear whether the comma denotes “and” (a single structure) or “or” (a dual structure). The regulations of many universities adopt the latter interpretation, which leads to legal disputes. Based on the legal meaning of “circumstances” and “nature”, and by comparing similar legislative precedents, it can be preliminarily determined that the disputed clause possesses the dual structure. Seen from historical interpretation, the RSMU has undergone several revisions. During this period, national legislation significantly expanded the types of conduct subject to public administration punishments. The disputed clause has finally been adapted to the challenges of social changes to university management with general provisions on public security violations, and restricted universities disciplinary power based on the nature and circumstances of such violations. Furthermore, the purpose of “fostering virtue through education” has been emphasized in the latest two revisions of the RSMU, making it impossible to infer the single structure that minimizes the reasons for expulsion from school. This is not contradictory to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of students. The dual structure theory can also be verified by the internal systematic interpretation of this regulation and the cross-regulatory systematic interpretation. The concretization of “bad nature” in university regulations must be chosen within the scope of the basic punishment in the Public Security Administration Punishments Law, which is the highest degree of punishment for personal freedom. |
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Key words: punishment of expulsion from school; university regulations; illegality; pre-law; public security administration |
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