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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)06-0077-15 |
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碳排放数据造假刑事责任的规范检视与完善进路 |
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徐以祥，罗贵雨 |
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（西南政法大学经济法学院，重庆，401120） |
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| 摘 要： 碳排放数据质量监管需回应“双碳”法治的现实诉求。将碳排放数据造假行为纳入刑事规制范围具有必要性，但既有刑法及司法解释的适用存在专门规制重点排放单位的规范缺失、合谋造假的罪责界分混乱、第三方机构严重失职的性质判定模糊等问题。附属刑法亦存在涵摄范围模糊、解释功能不彰等不足。规范体系之流弊可能抑制其规制效能的发挥，进而影响碳排放数据质量的刑法保障。建议在对造假行为类型化的基础上厘清不同涉罪情形的刑事归责路径，明确入罪界限与量刑情节。同时，提倡附属刑法实质化的立法路径，通过半明示型立法模式、明晰构成要件式规范表达等提高行刑衔接的有效性，以优化碳排放数据造假犯罪治理的规范进路。 |
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| 关键词： 碳排放数据造假；行为样态；法益侵害；罪责认定；附属刑法 |
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Normative review and improvement of criminal liability for the fraud of carbon emission data |
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XU Yixiang, LUO Guiyu |
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（School of Economic Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120, China） |
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| Abstract: The quality supervision of carbon emission data needs to respond to the practical demands of the dual-carbon legal system. It is necessary to include carbon emission data fraud into the scope of criminal regulation. However, there exist such problems in the application of existing criminal law and judicial interpretations as the lack of norms specifically regulating key emission entities, confusion in delineating criminal responsibility for collusive fraud, and ambiguity in determining the nature of gross negligence on the part of third-party institutions. And there are also in the supplementary criminal law such deficiencies as vague coverage and insufficient interpretive functionality. These abuses in the normative system may inhibit the effectiveness of its regulation, thereby affecting the criminal law guarantee for the quality of carbon emission data. It is suggested to clarify the criminal imputation pathways for different criminal scenarios based on the categorization of fraudulent behaviors, and to define the boundaries for incriminating conduct and sentencing circumstances. Meanwhile, the legislative approach that emphasizes the substantiation of supplementary criminal law is advocated. This can be achieved through a semi-explicit legislative model and clear normative expressions of constituent elements, effectively enhancing the effectiveness of the connection between administrative and criminal law enforcement, and optimizing the normative path for criminal governance of carbon emission data fraud. |
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Key words: carbon emission data fraud; behavioral patterns; infringement of legal interests; determination of criminal responsibility; supplementary criminal law |
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