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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)06-0067-10 |
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恩格斯的自然观离开“实践”了吗？——基于恩格斯晚年经典文本的再考察 |
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王洪波，程宇林 |
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（首都师范大学马克思主义学院，北京，100048） |
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| 摘 要： 恩格斯的自然观是否离开“实践”始终是学界论争的重要议题。依据恩格斯晚年的经典文本，确认人的实践活动是恩格斯自然观的逻辑基点，具体表现为：从实践出发揭示“自在自然”向“人化自然”的转变，阐明实践、“自在自然”与“人化自然”三者间的逻辑关联；从实践出发理解人与自然间的相互作用，形成以实践为基石的人与自然统一的辩证观点；从实践出发揭示自然科学的发展历史，夯实自然科学的历史唯物主义基石；从实践出发阐释人从“自然猿”到“社会人”的转化，科学解释劳动在人类起源过程中的决定性作用。由此可知，恩格斯的自然观依旧立足于人的实践活动，不仅在原则上与马克思保持一致，而且在内容上丰富了马克思主义自然观。 |
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| 关键词： 恩格斯；实践；自然观；生产；劳动 |
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Has Engels’ view of nature departed from “practice”?—Re-examination based on Engels’ classic texts in his later years |
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WANG Hongbo, CHENG Yulin |
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（College of Marxism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China） |
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| Abstract: Whether Engels’ view of nature deviates from “practice” has always been an important topic of debate in academia. Based on Engels’ classic texts in his later years, it is confirmed that human practical activities are the logical basis of Engels’ view of nature, which is manifested in the following four aspects, all starting from “practice”: first in revealing the transformation from “natural freedom” to “humanized nature,” and clarifying the logical relationship among such three as practice, “natural freedom”, and “humanized nature”, second in understanding the interaction between humans and nature, and forming a dialectical view of the unity of humans and nature, third in revealing the historical development of natural science from practice and consolidating the historical materialist foundation of natural science, and finally in interpreting transformation of human beings from “natural apes” to “social humans”, as well as scientifically explaining the decisive role of labor in the origin of humanity. Hence, it can be known that Engels’ view of nature is still based on human practical activities, not only maintaining consistency with Marx in principle, but also enriching Marxist view of nature in terms of content. |
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Key words: Engels; practice; view of nature; production; labor |
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