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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)06-0055-12 |
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摆荡与构造：费希特知识学中的想象力 |
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毛林林 |
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（山东大学哲学与社会发展学院，山东济南，250100） |
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| 摘 要： 费希特的知识学将想象力置于核心地位。想象力通过自由的“摆荡”活动，在绝对自我的设定过程中构造出“非我”，从而确立了心灵的根本对立结构。这一构造过程不仅是知识学的理论基础，也阐明了感觉与“世界图像”的生成路径。费希特借助“实在性转移”这一关键概念，论证了自我如何通过想象力的动态运作，将部分实在性赋予非我，进而建立了主客体的辩证统一。这一理论不仅旨在克服康德理论引发的二元论困境，也成为谢林和黑格尔哲学发展的先导。然而，费希特对主体性的过度强调招致了谢林的批评，也深刻影响了浪漫主义对自由的非理性阐释，并为虚无主义的兴起埋下了伏笔。 |
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| 关键词： 费希特；想象力；摆荡；实在性；知识学 |
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Oscillation and construction: Imagination in Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre |
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MAO Linlin |
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（School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China） |
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| Abstract: In Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre, imagination functions as a core mechanism, and, through the free activity of “oscillation” (Schweben), constructs the Nicht-Ich within the positing of the absolute I, thereby establishing the oppositional structure of the mind. This structure not only serves as the theoretical foundation of the Wissenschaftslehre, but also reveals the genesis of sensation and the world-picture. By introducing the key concept of the “transfer of reality”, Fichte demonstrates how the I, through the dynamic operation of imagination, imparts a partial reality to the Nicht-Ich, thus forming a dialectical relationship between the subject and the object. This theory not only overcomes the dualistic dilemma posed by Kant’s thing-in-itself, but also paves the way for the system-building endeavors of Schelling and Hegel. However, its strong emphasis on subjectivity attracted Schelling’s critique and deeply influenced irrational interpretation of freedom by Romanticism, even potentially laying the groundwork for the rise of nihilism. |
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Key words: Fichte; imagination; oscillation; reality; Wissenschaftslehre |
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