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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)05-0215-11 |
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“语录出而文与道判”：宋代理学语录生成的文体语境与思想动因 |
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陆月，姚爱斌 |
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（北京师范大学文学院，北京，100875） |
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| 摘 要： “语录体”的生成与流行，是两宋性理文体嬗变与儒学思想转型的独特表现。理解南宋后“语录非文”争议及“泛语录化”现象，需回溯至唐宋古文运动的历史语境。北宋性理文本经历了“经解体”、论策“古文”、科举“经义”三种文体类型。从文道关系看，三者虽各有侧重，却均未能化解“为文”与“言道”的内在张力。至二程创立洛学，引发周程、欧苏思想分裂的同时，也造成了“古文”与“语录”的文体分化，为“言道”找到了更为直接切己的表达形式。理学语录正是在这种文道分判的背景下产生，其直录思想情志的方式既契合洛学以“拟圣”为核心的道学本体论，也符合程门居敬穷理工夫的修养需求，并伴随理学官学化的进程逐渐进入文学话语体系。从文体与思想关系角度探讨“语录体”的发生，或可为中国文体学研究提供新的路径。 |
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| 关键词： 语录体；古文运动；文体选择；文道观；理学 |
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“Emergence of the Yü-Lu and the Division of Wen and Dao”: The stylistic context and intellectual motives behind the formation of neo-Confucian Yü-Lu in the Song Dynasty |
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LU Yue, YAO Aibin |
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（School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China） |
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| Abstract: The emergence and popularity of the genre of Yü-Lu (语录体, Recorded Conversations) represent a distinctive manifestation of the transformation of Neo-Confucian thought and stylistic evolution of literary culture in Song dynasty. To understand the debates over “Yü-Lu as non-literature”(语录非文) and the phenomenon of “generalized Yü-Lu-ization” (泛语录化) in late Southern Song, it is essential to trace back to the historical context of the Tang-Song Classical Prose Movement. The Neo-Confucian texts of the Northern Song period experienced a development encompassing three stylistic types:“canonical exegesis”(经解体),“classical prose”(古文), and “scriptural prosthesis”(经义) for imperial examinations. From the perspective of the relationship between Wen (文) and Tao (道), each of these types had its distinct focus, yet none succeeded in resolving the intrinsic tension between “creating articles appropriately” and “conveying the truth”. With the establishment of the Luo School (洛学) by the Cheng brothers (二程), the resulting ideological split between “ancient Chinese writers and Taoist scholars”(周程、欧苏之裂) also led to a stylistic divergence between “classical prose”(古文) and Yü-Lu (语录), providing a more dir, ect and intimately connected form of expression for conveying the Way (言道). Neo-Confucian Yü-Lu texts emerged against this backdrop of divergence between literary forms and Confucian doctrine. Its direct recording of thoughts and sentiments not only accorded with Luo School’s ontological emphasis on “modeling sages” (拟圣) ，but also met the cultivation demands of the Cheng brothers’ practice of maintaining reverence and investigating principle (居敬穷理). With the institutionalization of Neo-Confucianism in state education, the Yü-Lu gradually became integrated into the literary discourse. Exploring the formation of the Yü-Lu from the perspective of the relationship between literary form and philosophical thought offers a novel approach to stylistic studies. |
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Key words: the genre of Yü-Lu (Recorded Conversations); Classical Literary Movement; genre selection; concept of Wen (writing,文) and Tao; Daoism |
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