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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)05-0014-14 |
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功能主义路径下宅基地使用权的合规范性构造 |
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夏沁 |
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（中南大学法学院，湖南长沙，410012） |
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| 摘 要： 在传统解释路径下，《民法典》宅基地使用权表达为“两权分离”结构下具有身份限制的用益物权，宅基地使用权制度及其规范属性没有发生实质变化，《民法典》宅基地使用权所蕴含的保障功能和利用功能无法在规范文本内调和，既有宅基地使用权存在合规范性的根本障碍。在功能主义视角下，经由规范目的的客观构建赋予宅基地使用权更完整的用益物权权能。在“三权分置”的产权结构中，宅基地制度的实践发展和立法者所追求的规范目的的发展会不断纳入规范文本的范围，借此，可以回归结构化权利体系，以功能主义实现宅基地使用权的合规范性构造。反映到法律层面，可以基于功能主义的一般限制和体系效应，在农村土地权利体系中界定宅基地使用权的规范基础和规范路径，在制度层面进一步实现宅基地的盘活利用，以此完成“三权分置”政策的法律化构造。 |
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| 关键词： 三权分置；宅基地使用权；功能主义；合规范性 |
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Construction of normative compliance of rural homestead use rights in the functionalist approach |
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XIA Qin |
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（School of Law, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China） |
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| Abstract: In the traditional approach of interpretation, The Civil Code defines rural homestead use rights as an identity- restricted usufructuary right within the “dual-right separation” framework, maintaining that there is no substantial change to the use rights system and its original normative attributes. The security function and use function implied in The Civil Code cannot be coordinated in the normative texts, which resulted in the essential setback in whether the right to use rural homesteads complies with the norms. The functionalist approach resolves this conflict by objectively constructing its normative purpose to endow homestead use right with a more improved usufructuary right. In the “three-right separation” (ownership, qualification, use) framework, the practical development of homestead system and the development of normative purpose pursued by the legislator will be constantly introduced into the range of the normative texts. Hence, we can go back to the construction of normative compliance for functionalism to realize homestead use right in the structuralized rights system. At the legal level, this, based on the general constraints and system effects, defines the doctrinal basis and developmental path of homestead use rights. Institutionally, it facilitates homestead revitalization, thereby advancing the legal institutionalization of the “three-right separation” policy. |
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Key words: three-right separation; right to use rural homesteads; functionalism; normative compliance |
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