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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)04-0224-11 |
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战时筹饷与战后重建：太平天国战后湖南慈善事业复兴的内在脉络 |
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庞毅 |
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（浙江大学马克思主义理论创新与传播研究中心，浙江杭州，310058） |
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| 摘 要： 太平天国战争深刻地影响了湖南的社会生态结构。作为湘军的发源地，湖南在输出兵力的同时，还为湘军筹饷作出了极大贡献，也付出了巨大牺牲。太平军兴后，湖南慈善机构的资产被挪作了军饷。战后湖南慈善事业的复兴，与湖南战时筹饷体制的形成有关。战后筹饷机构仍把持着善堂善会的各种资源，湖南慈善事业的恢复不得不仰赖其支持。战时筹饷不仅造成了对湖南地方资源的挤压，也改变了湖南社会的权力结构。在筹饷的名义下，湖南的善堂善会等地方公共资源被大量挤占，因主持筹饷而获得军功的士绅成为地方新的代理人。透过湖南慈善事业复兴的内在脉络可以发现，太平天国战后社会的重建不是所谓的“国退民进”，而是“取之于民，用之于民”。 |
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| 关键词： 太平天国战争；湖南；湘军；筹饷；慈善 |
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From wartime extraction to postwar revival: The endogenous transformation of Hunan’s philanthropic sector after the Taiping Rebellion |
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PANG Yi |
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（Research Center for Marxism Theory Innovation and Communication, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China） |
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| Abstract: The Taiping Rebellion profoundly reshaped Hunan’s socio-ecological fabric. As the birthplace of Hunan Army, Hunan, at the time of putting out military force, also made great contributions to wartime financial extraction for Hunan Army, hence paying huge sacrifice. After the rise of Taiping Army, the assets of Hunan philanthropic institutions were embezzled to wartime financial extractions. And after the war, the revival of Hunan philanthropic sector was associated with its wartime extraction system. Post-war financial extraction institutions still controlled all kinds of resources of charitable halls and associations, and the recovery of Hunan philanthropic sector had to depend on their support. Wartime financial extraction not only resulted in the compression of Hunan local resources, but also changed the power structure of Hunan society. Under the name of financial extraction, Hunan local resources such as charitable halls and associations were seriously occupied, and those gentry who earned military exploits b, y hosting wartime financial extraction became local new agents. Examining the internal dynamics of Hunan’s philanthropic revival reveals that post-Taiping reconstruction, rather than a simplistic “state retreat and local advance”, is essentially a redistributive logic that “resources extracted from the people are ultimately reinvested back to them.” |
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Key words: the Taiping Rebellion; Hunan; Hunan Army; wartime financial extraction; philanthropy |
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