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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)04-0209-15 |
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孟子对舜形象的塑造与为士人“立法”的价值追求 |
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刘全志 |
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（北京师范大学文学院，北京，100875） |
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| 摘 要： 孟子对舜故事的讲述和阐释，蕴含着儒家学者的观念立场和价值追求。孟子将舜视为“东夷之人”，意在强调道德实践的进阶并非由所处环境、地域决定的，而是来源于内在的道德意志，孟子以舜立论，是将舜作为尽心为善、践行仁义的代表。在君臣、父子伦理产生冲突之际，孟子选择的是孝道，认为孝养父母是其他一切伦理道德的基础和前提。孟子对舜与父母、弟弟象之间矛盾的观点，最终指向于孟子的王道政治，即仁义、仁爱是拥有天下的根本。通过对舜故事的叙述和阐释，孟子将舜塑造成为教化天下的榜样，让天下的民众明白，孝养事亲是仁的根本，它并不仅仅局限于家庭血亲范围内，而是指向了教化的功能、天下的大治。孟子所阐释的舜之孝道，与仁义密切关联，以至塑造出为法于天下的舜。孟子把舜塑造成为至孝至仁之人，以凸显孝亲尊亲是实现王道政治的基础，进而将舜的成长历程视为激励战国士人的榜样和典范。 |
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| 关键词： 孟子；舜；性善；王道政治；立法 |
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Mencius’ shaping of Shun’s image and the value pursuit of legislating for scholars |
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LIU Quanzhi |
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（School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China） |
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| Abstract: Mencius’ narration and interpretation of the story of Shun contain the ideological stance and value pursuit of Confucian scholars. By regarding Shun as one of the eastern barbarians, Mencius means to emphasize that the advancement of moral practice is not determined by the environment or region, but by the moral will which originates from the inner. Mencius’ argument on Shun is to take Shun as a representative of wholeheartedly doing good and practicing benevolence and righteousness. At that very time when there exists a conflict between the ethics of king/minister and father/son, Mencius chooses filial piety, believing that filial piety in raising parents is the foundation and prerequisite for all other ethical and moral values. Mencius' argument on the contradiction between Shun and his parents, as well as between him and his younger brother Xiang, ultimately points to Mencius’ kingcraft politics that righteousness and benevolence are the fundamental principles of gaining the world. By narrating and interpretating the story about Shun, Mencius has molded Shun as a role model for educating the world, making all the people under the heaven understand that filial piety and care for the parents are the essence of benevolence, not merely limited to the family and blood line, but referring to the function of education and the great governance of the world. Shun’s filial piety as expounded by Mencius, is closely related to benevolence and righteousness, so much so that Shun is shaped as the ruler of the world. Mencius molds Shun into one with utmost filial piety and benevolence to highlight that filial piety and respect for family function as the foundation of achieving kingcraft politics. Hence, Shun’s growth process is considered as an exemplar and model to stimulate and to inspire scholars during the Warring States period. |
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