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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)04-0081-17 |
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气候变化措施适用国际投资协定安全例外条款：可行性及其限制 |
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邓婷婷，曹江琪 |
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（中南大学法学院，湖南长沙，410083） |
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| 摘 要： 随着气候变化问题的安全化，东道国在国际投资仲裁案中援引国际投资协定(IIAs)的安全例外条款为其气候变化措施进行抗辩的可能性日益显现。近年来，IIAs的安全例外条款在协定文本和实践适用层面均呈现出例外情形扩张、关联性标准降低的发展趋势，这使得东道国的气候变化措施获得投资保护义务豁免具备了可行性。然而，东道国一旦成功援引安全例外条款，将会引发双重效应：一方面能够有效保障东道国的气候规制权，另一方面则可能进一步模糊安全例外条款的适用门槛和边界，增加该条款在气候变化安全化背景下被滥用的风险。为了在保障东道国气候公共利益的同时维持安全例外条款例外适用和规制平衡的应然状态，各国应当明确将气候变化列为安全例外情形，并通过纳入“最低限制性替代措施”的必要性审查标准、增加条款适用的限制条件以促进条款主客观因素的再平衡。仲裁庭在解释和适用安全例外条款时，也应当合理运用演进解释和细化善意原则的审查标准，限制气候变化措施适用安全例外条款的边界。 |
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| 关键词： 气候变化；国际投资协定；安全例外条款；涉气候变化投资争端；安全化 |
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The application of climate change measures under the security exceptions in international investment agreements: Feasibility and limitations |
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DENG Tingting, CAO Jiangqi |
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（School of Law, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China） |
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| Abstract: With the securitization of climate change, it is increasingly possible for host states to invoke the security exception clause of international investment agreements (IIAs) to defend their climate change measures in international investment arbitration cases. In recent years, the security exception clause in IIAs has shown a trend of expanding exceptions and lowering the nexus standard, both in the text of IIAs and in practice, which makes it feasible for host states to obtain exemptions from investment protection obligations for their climate change measures. Once the host states successfully cite the security exception clause, double effects will be evoked: it can, on the one hand, effectively safeguard the host states’ right to regulate the climate, and may, on the other hand, further blur the thresholds and boundaries of the application of security exception clause, and increase the possibility of the clause being abused with the securitization of climate change. In order to safeguard the climate public interests of the host states while maintaining the contingent state of exception application and regulatory balance of the clause, countries should explicitly include climate change as a security exception, and rebalance the subjective and objective factors of the clause by incorporating the necessity standard of “least restrictive alternative measures” and increasing the limitations of its application. In interpreting and applying the security exception clause, arbitral tribunals should also make reasonable use of the evolutionary interpretation and refine the good faith standard of review, so as to limit the boundaries of the application of climate change measures to the clause. |
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Key words: climate change; international investment agreements; security exception clause; investment disputes related to climate change; securitization |
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