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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)04-0021-11 |
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马克思劳动价值论的历史辩证法基础及其哲学意义——从贝利对李嘉图的批判谈起 |
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徐秦法，彭钰美 |
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（南开大学马克思主义学院，天津，300350） |
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| 摘 要： 马克思的劳动价值论在批判继承英国古典经济学的基础上引入了历史辩证法，从而实现了对李嘉图和贝利价值理论的双重超越。马克思是在剖析贝利对李嘉图价值理论的批判过程中，揭示并构建了自身劳动价值论的三重历史辩证法基础的：一是从社会关系的维度出发，突破传统的物的视角，阐明商品二重性的矛盾本质上是资本主义生产方式的表现；二是从价值形式的历史生成维度出发，揭示交换关系背后社会必要劳动时间的抽象化过程；三是从生产关系的历史暂时性出发，批判古典经济学将资本主义永恒化的非历史性谬误，强调资本主义内在矛盾的自我否定逻辑。基于此，马克思的劳动价值论不仅是科学的政治经济学批判工具，更具有深刻的哲学意义。然而，当代西方学者由于忽视了历史辩证法，未能真正理解马克思的劳动价值论。只有通过历史辩证法的内在矛盾运动视角，才能完整地把握马克思劳动价值论对资本主义社会关系的革命性批判，从而为构建中国化的马克思主义哲学阐释体系提供坚实的理论支撑。 |
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| 关键词： 马克思；劳动价值论；历史辩证法；资本主义；哲学意义 |
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The historical dialectical foundation and philosophical significance of Marx’s theory of labor value: Starting with Bailey’s critique of Ricardo |
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XU Qinfa, PENG Yumei |
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（School of Marxism, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China） |
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| Abstract: Marx’s theory of labor value introduces historical dialectics on the basis of inheriting and criticizing British classical economics, thus realizing a double transcendence over Ricardo’s and Bailey’s theories of value. It was in the process of analyzing Bailey’s critique of Ricardo that Marx revealed and constructed the threefold historical dialectical basis of his own theory of labor value. First, starting from the dimension of social relations, he breaks through the traditional perspective of things, and elucidates that the contradictory nature of the duality of commodities is in fact a manifestation of the capitalist mode of production. Second, starting from the dimension of historical generation of the form of value, he reveals the process of abstracting the socially necessary labor time behind the exchange relations. Third, from the historical temporary nature of production relations, he criticizes the non-historical fallacy of classical economics in eternalizing capitalism and emphasizes the self-denying logic of capitalism’s inherent contradictions. Based on this, Marx’s theory of labor value is not only a scientific critical tool of political economy, but also of profound philosophical significance. However, contemporary Western scholars have failed to truly understand Marx’s theory of labor value because they have neglected the historical dialectic. It is only through the perspective of the inherent contradictory movement of historical dialectics that Marx’s theory of labor value can be fully grasped as a revolutionary critique of capitalist social relations, thus providing a solid theoretical support for the construction of a Chinese-style philosophical interpretation system of Marxism. |
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Key words: Marx; theory of labor value; historical dialectics; capitalism; philosophical significance |
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