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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)03-0230-11 |
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官位、官资度量表述与南朝官僚选任的制度文化 |
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庞博 |
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（北京大学历史学系，北京，100871） |
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| 摘 要： 官员官资由“少”积“多”，由“轻”累“重”，官位亦由“小”转“大”，由“轻”至“重”，构成南朝君臣度量和表述官资积累、官位升迁的观念系统。遵循这一观念系统，梁陈十八班、军号班的数字编码“以大为贵”，官员在十八班的等级尺度中通过多种官位名号加算官资“轻重”。南朝官位、官资的度量表述在观念与实践中构建出多样的政治与文化秩序，生成了一系列制度文化现象。度量表述在观念上为官资积累、计阶进位制度提供了创制与维系的合理性依凭。南朝君臣对官资性质的认知，与士族社会的背景相交织，塑造出官僚选任的重资次特征。此外，制度性表达路径的缺失，还推动官员应对资次失当问题时拆解自身诉求，形成官方与私人渠道中的差异化的表达及应对方式。 |
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| 关键词： 官位；官资；选任；制度文化；南朝 |
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The measurement expression of official positions and official qualification and the institutional culture of selection and appointment in the Southern Dynasty |
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PANG Bo |
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（Department of History, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China） |
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| Abstract: As the official qualification grows from “less” to “more” and from “lightweight” to “heavyweight”, the official position also turns from “small” to “big” and from “little” to “big” and from “lightweight” to “heavyweight”, constituting the ideological system of measuring officials, expressing official capital accumulation, and promoting official positions in the Southern Dynasty. Abiding by such a conceptual system, the bigger the numerical codes of the eighteen-degree-official system and ranks of generals, the higher their corresponding degrees, and the “lightweight” or the “heavyweight” of official’s qualification in scale of the eighteen-degree-official system is calculated according to their varying official titles. The measurement and expression of official position and official qualification in the Southern Dynasty constructed various political and cultural orders in both the ideological pattern and practical process, and developed a series of institutional cultural phenomena. The measurement expression provides the rational basis for the creation and maintenance of the system of accumulation of official qualification and calculating and ranking in the cognition. The cognition of the nature of official qualification was interwoven with the background of the noble society, which shaped the characteristics of attaching importance to the principle of promoting official positions according to their corresponding qualifications in the selection and appointment of bureaucrats. In addition, the lack of institutional expression path also promotes officials to separate their own demands when dealing with the issues of disobedience of this principle, thus forming different expression and coping methods under official and private channels. |
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