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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)03-0084-13 |
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环境行政公益诉讼不应受起诉期限限制之证成 |
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王灿发，王政 |
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（中国政法大学民商经济法学院，北京，100088） |
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| 摘 要： 关于环境行政公益诉讼是否应受起诉期限限制这一问题，理论界和实务界一直存在争议。从现实层面看，起诉期限会阻碍案件调查和证据收集，不利于实现环境行政公益诉讼的目的，并与其未来发展方向相背离。从理论层面看，生态环境公益救济的必须性与起诉期限过后生态环境公益救济实体权利的消弭相悖，生态环境公益背后法价值的优先性也可为环境行政公益诉讼不受起诉期限限制提供证成。而且，起诉期限与法律监督权能的不可灭失性、对行政行为效力改变的当然性存在冲突，动摇环境行政公益诉讼存在的权能根基。考虑到起诉期限内含一定的正向价值，可通过引入审查起诉期限，在保证环境行政公益诉讼生态环境公益救济目的实现的基础上，提高生态环境公益救济的效率，维护法之安定性。 |
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| 关键词： 环境行政公益诉讼；起诉期限；生态环境公益；法律监督；审查起诉期限 |
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Justification that environmental administrative public interest litigation should not be subject to the time limit for filing a lawsuit |
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WANG Canfa, WANG Zheng |
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（School of Civil and Commercial Economic Law, China University of political science and law, Beijing 100088, China） |
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| Abstract: As to the issue whether environmental administrative public interest litigation should be subject to the limitation of the prosecution deadline, there has always existed controversy in both the theoretical and practical circles. From a practical perspective, the prosecution deadline will hinder case investigation and evidence collection, which is not conducive to achieving the purpose of environmental administrative public interest litigation and is contrary to its future development direction. From a theoretical perspective, the necessity of environmental and ecological public welfare relief is inconsistent with the elimination of substantive rights of environmental and ecological public welfare relief after the expiration of the prosecution deadline, and the superior value of the law behind environmental and ecological public welfare can also provide justification for environmental administrative public interest litigation not being subject to the limitation of the prosecution deadline. Moreover, the prosecution deadline is in conflicts with the non-extinguishability of legal supervision power and the inevitability of changing the effectiveness of administrative actions, hence shaking the foundation of the power and ability of environmental administrative public interest litigation. Considering that the prosecution deadline contains certain positive values, the introduction of the review of the prosecution deadline can improve the efficiency of environmental and ecological public welfare relief while ensuring the realization of the purpose of environmental administrative public interest litigation to protect the environment and maintain the stability of the law. |
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Key words: environmental administrative public interest litigation; time limit for filing lawsuits; public interest in the ecological environment; legal supervision; time limit for review and prosecution |
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